| 引用本文: | 唐良川,唐中,李彤姝,等.含刚性粗糙元渠道水流流速分布试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| Tang Liang-chuan,Tang Zhong,Li Tong-shu,et al.含刚性粗糙元渠道水流流速分布试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探索渠道内刚性粗糙元对水流流速分布的影响。【方法】用三维超声波多普勒流速仪(ADV)采集水流稳定后不同位置的流速值，并对获取数据进行平均化处理，分析了不同流量、不同粗糙元布置形式和不同粗糙元形态下明渠中非淹没刚性粗糙元前后水流流速结构和淹没刚性粗糙元后尾流结构，着重研究了水流纵向流速u的纵向分布结构。【结果】（1）非淹没圆柱体试验，在不同流量，不同圆柱体排数下，流速u的流速分布相同；（2）淹没粗糙元在y方向使水流形成了一个三层的速度剖面，三层水流流速分布不同，不同淹没粗糙元形态对水流结构具有显著影响；（3）基于模型试验数据，对非淹没圆柱体试验数据采用非线性拟合的方法，分别得到了单根圆柱体上下游纵向流速分布的拟合式；（4）采用量纲分析得出，粗糙元在淹没条件下，其下游纵向流速u与水流特性、渠道特性及粗糙元特性有关。【结论】 淹没粗糙元与非淹没粗糙元对水流流速分布造成的影响是不同的。淹没条件下，粗糙元后水流流速纵向分布形成了一个三层的速度剖面；非淹没条件下，粗糙元后水流流速纵向分布均呈现出“对勾”的形式。 |
| 关键词: 刚性粗糙元;流速分布;明渠;水力特性;量纲分析;ADV |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S277 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（51509248） ,国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0701003）吉林省重点科技研发项目 （20180201036SF）中国农业大学基本科研业务费（10710301） |
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| Study on Velocity Distribution of Flow through Rigid Rough Element in a Channel |
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Tang Liang-chuan, Tang Zhong, Li Tong-shu, Han Yu
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China Agricultural University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】 Vegetation is found in natural catchments and rivers in different forms and is of utmost importance for hydrologists and hydraulic engineers as related to flood-risk studies, sediment-transport studies and the design of river restoration schemes However, the riparian vegetation has a great influence on the river resistance, which could raise water level too and leading flood disasters. The analysis of the interaction between fluid flow and vegetation is a fairly complex issue, due to both the different physical mechanisms that play a role in the phenomenon, and the biomechanical properties that characterize the different types of vegetation. Therefore, it’s important in improving the research of rough channels and guiding the ecological restoration of rivers.【Objective】Therefore, it is necessary to study the influence of different rough elements in the channel on the flow velocity structure, and determine the distribution law of flow velocity containing rough elements, so as to lay a foundation for further study on the water conveyance capacity of the channel containing rough elements.【Method】In this study, a three-dimensional Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry (ADV) was used to collect velocity at different positions after the flow was stabilized, and ADV instantaneous measurements are noted by time-averaged u for the stream-wise, time-averaged v for the transverse, time-averaged w for the vertical flow velocity, and time-averaged V for the total velocity. In order to render the variables dimensionless, all velocity and energy related variables were normalized with the depth-averaged and time-averaged stream-wise velocity u0 at the farthest upstream, where the flow is considered to be undisturbed. The flow distribution around the rigid roughness element under different discharges, configurations and shapes was analyzed, along with the stream-wise direction and the distribution of longitudinal flow velocity u was studied emphatically. 【Result】(1) In the emergent cylinder test, distribution of velocity u is the same at different discharges and roughness rows, which may be because the cylinder diameter is small enough and the spacing between cylinders is large. The submerged rough element forms a three-layer velocity profile in the y direction. The first layer is located at the lower position behind the rough element, the second layer at the upper position behind the rough element, and the third layer at the upper position above the rough element; (2) Different types of submerged rough elements have significant influence on the flow structure; (3) Based on the model experiment, the nonlinear fitting method was adopted for the emergent cylinder test data, and the fitting formulas of the longitudinal velocity distribution related to the upstream and downstream of a single cylinder was obtained; (4) The dimensional analysis shows that the downstream longitudinal velocity u of submerged rough element in a channel is related to flow characteristics, channel characteristics and roughness characteristics. For example, channel slope J, hydraulic radius R, channel width-depth ratio B/h, surface retention Ac of rough elements, submersion degree hc/h, arrangement of rough elements (such as horizontal and longitudinal spacing of rough elements), and distance x behind rough elements, etc. 【Conlusion】The influence of submerged rough elements and emergent rough elements on velocity distribution is different. Under submerged conditions, the longitudinal velocity distribution behind rough elements formed a three-layer velocity profile; Under emergent conditions, the longitudinal velocity distribution behind rough elements formed a “check mark”. |
| Key words: Rigid rough elements; Velocity distribution; Open channel; Hydraulic characteristics; Dimensional analysis; ADV |
