| 引用本文: | 卢闯,逄焕成,靳存旺,等.一膜两年覆盖对河套灌区盐碱土水盐分布和食葵生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,(8):-. |
| LU Chuang,PANG Huancheng,JIN Cunwang,et al.一膜两年覆盖对河套灌区盐碱土水盐分布和食葵生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,(8):-. |
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| 一膜两年覆盖对河套灌区盐碱土水盐分布和食葵生长的影响 |
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卢闯1, 逄焕成2, 靳存旺3, 李二珍3, 杨柳青3, 李建忠3, 李玉义4
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1.北京农业信息技术研究中心;2.农业资源与农业区划研究所;3.五原县农牧业技术推广中心;4.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为内蒙古河套灌区盐碱地一膜两年覆盖技术应用提供依据。【方法】在河套灌区中度盐渍化农田研究了传统的秋季翻耕春季覆新膜(CT)、秋季留膜免耕(NT)两种耕作覆膜方法对土壤水盐分布、土壤温度和食葵生长的影响,并对其经济效益进行评价。【结果】春播前,NT处理显著提高了农田0～80 cm土层含水率,1 m土体贮水量显著较CT提高9.91%,NT处理0～100 cm各层土壤含盐量均显著低于CT,总储盐量降低35.86%；收获后CT、NT贮水量无显著差异,NT储盐量较CT显著降低42.07%。NT降低了地膜增温效果,6：00表层平均温度较CT低0.9 ℃,14：00较CT低1.5 ℃。NT处理食葵蕾期长势较弱,株高、地下干物质重分别较CT显著降低23.81%、23.61%,在进入盛花期后NT处理食葵生长加速,地上、地下干物质积累速率分别较CT提高23.50%、26.59%,一膜两年覆盖对食葵籽粒产量无显著影响,CT、NT产投比分别为3.07、4.53。【结论】综合比较,一膜两年覆盖具有一定的生态效益和经济效益,是适于河套灌区盐碱地的节本增效型农田管理技术。 |
| 关键词: 一膜两年覆盖;盐碱地;土壤水盐分布;食葵 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S513 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31000692,31871584)；国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0501302) |
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| Effect of Two Years Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Water-salt Distribution and Sunflower Growth in Hetao Irrigation Region |
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LU Chuang,PANG Huancheng,JIN Cunwang,et al
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1.Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;2.Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension and Service Center of Wuyuan Country
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Soil salinization was the major causes of declining agriculture productivity in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, China. Plastic mulch could prevent soil salt from moving to soil surface, so that the techniques had been widely popularized. However, extensive use of plastic film caused environmental problem and crop harm. Therefore, a farming method with reduction of plastic film was in need of change.【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to provide application foundation for 2 years plastic film mulching on saline soils in Hetao irrigation district. 【Method】In a field experiments, two treatments including conventional autumn cultivation with new film mulching in the next spring (CT), no autumn tillage with old film retained (NT) were carried out to study the effects of different methods on the moderate saline soil, such as soil water-salt distribution, soil temperature, and sunflower growth, moreover, its economic benefits were evaluated. 【Result】Before spring sowing, compared with CT treatment, soil water content of NT treatment were significantly higher in the 0-80 cm soil layers, and soil water storage in 1 m profiles increased by 9.91%. In the meanwhile, soil salt content of NT treatments were significantly lower in 0-100 cm soil layers, and soil salt storage of NT treatment decreased by 35.86% than that of CT treatment. After harvest, there was no significant difference of soil water storage between CT and NT treatments, but soil salt storage of NT treatment significantly decreased by 35.86% compared with CT treatments. Soil salt content of NT treatment were lower than CT at 5-100 cm depth.NT significantly decreased the warming effect, and mean soil temperature reduced by 0.9 ℃ and 1.5 ℃ at 6 o’clock and 14 o’clock respectively compared with CT. But the difference of temperature at 14 o’clock between CT and NT tended to be slight as the growth progresses. The crop under NT treatments tended to be slow growing at bud stage, thus the plant height and underground dry matter decreased by 23.81%, 23.61% compared with CT, respectively. When it came to flowing stage, crop growth of NT treatment began to accelerate. Over the growth stage from flowing stage to mature,the accumulation rate of overground dry mater and underground dry matter under NT treatments were higher than that of CT by 23.50% and 26.59% respectively. NT treatment did not affect the yield of sunflower. NT treatment reduced the input of mulch, tillage, and labor. The radio of output to input of CT and NT were 3.07, 4.53 respectively. 【Conclusion】It was therefore suggested that in Hetao irrigation district, the treatment NT was one of the effective cultivation methods with the reduced cost and plastic film resources. |
| Key words: two years plastic film mulching; saline soil; soil water-salt distribution; sunflower |
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