| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析青铜峡灌区1998—2017年近20 a引水量时空变化规律，解析各影响因素的作用程度。【方法】采用线性倾向估计法分析青铜峡灌区及各分灌区1998—2017年的引水变化趋势，采用Pearson相关系数法分析灌区引水量和水源条件、灌溉需求以及灌溉效率之间的相关性。【结果】①时间上，青铜峡灌区及分灌区银川灌区、银南灌区和银北灌区引水量年际均呈下降趋势，下降速率分别为13.3亿、5.7亿、5.2亿和2.5亿m3/10 a；年内引水主要集中在灌溉期5—8月份和冬灌期10—11月份，灌溉期引水量减少较为显著。②空间上，灌区单位面积灌溉水量均呈下降趋势，下降速率呈显著的空间差异性特征，且不同时期单位面积灌水量空间分布格局发生显著变化，从1998—2002年的灌区中部最大、南部次之、北部最小的空间分布转变为2013—2017年的灌区东南部最大、灌区中部和西南部次之、灌区北部最小的分布格局，最大单位面积灌溉水量区域由灌区中部转移到灌区东南部。③相关性分析表明，灌区引水量与灌溉效率的相关性最强；灌区引水量与灌溉需求的相关性次之，其中青铜峡灌区、银川灌区和银南灌区引水量与种植结构因子呈强相关性；灌区引水量与水源条件的相关性相对较弱。【结论】过去20 a来，大力推广节水灌溉，灌溉效率显著提升是驱动青铜峡灌区引水量下降的主要因素，其次是灌溉需求，水源条件对灌区引水量的影响相对微弱。 |
| 关键词: 灌区；引水量；影响因素；变化趋势 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S274.4 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(51979284,51809282)；水利部技术示范项目(SF-201802)；中国水科院创新团队项目(WR0145B622017)。 |
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| Analysis on Changing Trend and Influencing Factors of Water Diversion in Qingtongxia Irrigation Area |
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liukuan, zhaijiaqi
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China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Analyse the spatial and temporal variation law of water diversion in Qingtongxia irrigation area and analyse the influence degree of each factor on water diversion.【Method】Linear tendency estimation method was used to analyse the changing trend of diversion water in Qingtongxia irrigation area and each sub-irrigation area from 1998 to 2017. Besides, Pearson correlation coefficient method was used to analyse the correlation between diversion water and water source conditions, irrigation demand and irrigation efficiency.【Result】①Temporally, the annual variation of water diversion of Qingtongxia irrigation area and Yinchuan irrigation area, Yinnan irrigation area and Yinbei irrigation area showed negative annual trends, which were 1 330, 570, 520 and 250 million m3/10a. During the year water diversion was mainly concentrated in the irrigation period from May to August and the winter irrigation period from October to November. The decrease of water diversion was most significant during irrigation period. ② Spatially, irrigation water per unit area showed a downward trend, and the rate of decline was significantly different in each region. The distribution pattern of irrigation water per unit area in different periods changed significantly. The spatial distribution changed from 1998—2002, when the per unit area irrigated water amount was the largest in the middle of the irrigated area, the second in the south and the smallest in the north, to 2013—2017, when the spatial distribution pattern was the largest in the southeast of the irrigated area, the second in the middle and southwest, and the smallest in the north. The maximum per unit area irrigated area was transferred from the middle to the southeast of the irrigated area. ③ The results showed that the correlation between water diversion and irrigation efficiency was the strongest. The relationship between irrigation water diversion and irrigation demand in irrigated areas was the second strongest, and there was a strong correlation between water diversion and planting structure in Qingtongxia, Yinchuan and Yinnan irrigated areas. Besides, there was no correlation between water diversion and water source. 【Conclusion】For the past 20 years, with promoting water-efficient irrigation vigorously, the improvement of irrigation efficiency is the most important factor driving the decrease of water diversion in irrigated areas, followed by irrigation demand. The influence of water source conditions on water diversion in irrigated areas is relatively weak. |
| Key words: irrigation area; irrigation water; Influencing factors; Changing trend |
