| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为了探索设施番茄水肥一体化滴灌系统模式和设计方法。【方法】以设施番茄为研究对象，通过设置滴灌毛管布置方式（T1（1管1行）、T2（1管2行）、T3（1管3行））、灌水量（W1（50%ET0）、W2（70%ET0）、W3（90%ET0））和施氮量（N1（120 kg?ha-1）、N2（180 kg?hm-2）、N3（240 kg?hm-2））3因素3水平试验，研究了番茄生长发育及产量指标对水氮供应的响应。【结果】植株株高和茎粗随灌水量和施氮量的增加而增大，灌水因子的影响明显大于施氮因子，处理间差异随着生育进程推进而增大；各处理间叶面积指数（LAI）差异最大出现在结果初期；随灌水量和施氮量的增加，光合作用增强；影响叶片叶绿素浓度的主要因子是氮肥因素，其次是灌水因素，适宜的灌水和施肥有利于叶绿素SPAD值的提高；不同灌水量和施氮量对番茄产量影响均达到显著性差异，且灌水因素大于施肥因素；不同滴灌毛管布置方式影响最小，均没有极显著差异。【结论】本试验条件下其最佳水平组合为滴灌毛管布置方式为T2（1管2行）、灌水量W2（70%ET0）、施氮量N3（N240 kg?hm-2），其番茄植株生长发育最好，经济产量最高（达107104.0 kg?hm-2）。 |
| 关键词: 设施番茄;滴灌施肥;生长指标;生理指标;产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275.6 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400202) |
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| Effects of Water and N-Fertilization Supply on Growth and Yield of Tomato in Greenhouse |
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ZHANG Xinyan1, NIU Wenquan2
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1.College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A F University,Yangling,Shaanxi;2.Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A F University,Yangling,Shaanxi
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The model and design method of drip fertigation system of tomato in greenhouse were explored. 【Method】 The experiment of drip fertigation was carried out in the dry-land greenhouse. The experiments were conducted with three factors of drip layouts, irrigation and nitrogen, in which drip layouts including lateral line per row (T1), one lateral line between two plant rows (T2), one lateral line between three plant rows (T3); three irrigation levels (W1: 50% ET0, W2:70%ET0, W3:90% ET0) and three nitrogen levels (N1:120 kg/hm2, N2:180 kg/hm2, N3:240 kg/hm2). The response of tomato growth and yield to water and N-fertilization supply was studied.【Result】The plant height and stem diameter increased with the increase of irrigation water and N-fertilization, and the effect of irrigation was obviously greater than that of fertilization. The influence of different water and N-fertilization mode on them increased with the tomato growing. The maximum differences ofthe leaf area index LAI show between treatments at the early tomato fruiting period. The effects of different irrigation and N-fertilization modes on photosynthesis increased with the increase of irrigation and N-fertilizer application. Nitrogen fertilizer had the greatest influence on the chlorophyll SPAD concentration of tomato in greenhouse, followed by irrigation. Appropriate irrigation and N-fertilization were beneficial to the improvement of chlorophyll SPAD value, while too high or too low would affect its improvement. The effects of different irrigation amount and N-fertilizer application amount on tomato yield were significantly different, and the irrigation factor was greater than the N-fertilization. The influence of different drip layouts is minimal, and no significant difference is achieved. 【Conclusion】Under the existing experimental conditions, the optimal drip fertigation mode was T2 (one lateral line between two plant rows), W2 (70%ET0), N3 (N240 kg?hm-2), the best growth of tomato and the highest yield (107104.0 kg/m2). |
| Key words: tomato in greenhouse; drip fertigation; growth indicators; physiological indexes; yield |
