| 引用本文: | 孙梦媛,刘景辉,米俊珍,等.控释尿素减施对旱作马铃薯氮素诊断指标、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| SUN Mengyuan,LIU Jinghui,MI Junzhen,et al.控释尿素减施对旱作马铃薯氮素诊断指标、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 摘要：【目的】探究控释尿素减施对马铃薯氮素诊断指标、产量及水分利用效率的影响，旨在为旱作农业区提供合理的施肥管理模式。【方法】通过田间试验，研究了不施肥（CK）、普通尿素（CF，200 kg N/hm2）和控释尿素减施（CRU1（减施10%）、CRU2 （减施20%）和 CRU3（减施30%））对马铃薯叶片Chl、NBI、Flav值、产量、水分利用效率及氮肥偏生产力的影响。【结果】马铃薯叶片Chl和NBI值均随施氮量的降低而降低，Flav值随施氮量的降低而增加。不同施肥和生育期均显著影响Chl、NBI和Flav值(P＜0.01)，但施肥量和生育期的互作差异不显著(P＞0.05)。通过比较不同生育时期和处理下，Chl、NBI和Flav值与产量相关性，发现NBI和Flav值在块茎膨大期与产量有较高相关性。随着施氮量降低，马铃薯产量和单株薯重降低。控释尿素减施10%（CRU1）与传统施肥（CF）相比并未显著降低马铃薯产量(P＞0.05)，并且提高马铃薯商品薯率，降低了马铃薯小薯率。马铃薯全生育期的总耗水量表现为：CF处理＞CRU1处理＞CRU2 处理＞CRU3处理＞CK处理，但各处理间均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。马铃薯水分利用效率表现为：CF处理＞CRU1处理＞CRU2 处理＞CRU3处理＞CK处理，分别为51.45、94.40、92.25、87.00和84.60 kg/（hm2·mm) ，控释尿素减施10%（CRU1）与传统施肥（CF）相比并未显著降低水分利用效率(P＞0.05)。随着施氮量降低，马铃薯氮素偏生产力增加。控释尿素减施10%（CRU1）与传统施肥（CF）相比，氮肥偏生产力增加了5.63%。【结论】综合来看，控释尿素减10%能保证马铃薯产量和水分利用效率，提高氮肥偏生产力和商品薯率；NBI和Flav均可用来诊断马铃薯的氮素营养状况。 |
| 关键词: 氮素诊断指标；控释尿素；产量；水分利用效率；氮肥偏生产力 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S143. 1???????????? |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B04-02) |
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| Effects of the Reduction of Controlled-release Urea Application on Nitrogen Status Indicators,Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Rainfed Potato |
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SUN Mengyuan, LIU Jinghui, MI Junzhen, ZAHNG Lanying, WANG Ying
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Agricultural College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract：【Objective】 To investigate the effects of controlled-release urea on potato nitrogen status indicators， yield，nitrogen partial productivity and water use efficiency，so as to provide a reasonable fertilization management model for the dryland farming systems.【Method】A field experiment was conducted to compare common urea(CF) and reduction of controlled-release urea (CRU) in Chl，NBI，Flav，nitrogen partial productivity，water use efficiency and yield of potato field. Fertilization treatments included ?no?fertilization (CK)，conventional urea ( CF，200 kg N/hm2)，and three controlled-release urea fertilization levels，CRU1，CRU2 and CRU3，which represented 10%，20% and 30% reduction of fertilizer inputs relative to CF，respectively. 【Result】 The leaf Chl and NBI increased with N rates，whereas Flav decreased. The different growth stage and different fertilization significantly affects the Chl，NBI and Flav (P < 0.01)，but the fertilization and growth stage of interaction is not significant difference (P > 0.05). By comparing the correlation between Chl，NBI，Flav and yield under different growth periods and treatments，it was found that NBI and Flav had higher correlation with yield during tuber expansion stage. With the reduction of N application rate，tuber yield and tuber weight per plant decreased. CRU1 compared with the common urea (CF) was not significantly reduced tuber yield (P >0.05)，and the commodity rate increased but minituber rate decreased. Water consumption in the five treatments was in the order of CF＞CRU1＞CRU2＞CRU3＞CK，but the difference among the treatments was insignificant (P >0.05). Water use efficiency in the five treatments was in the order of CF＞CRU1＞CRU2＞CRU3＞CK，with their associated value being 51.45，94.40，92.25，87.00 and 84.60 kg/（hm2·mm) respectively. CRU1 compared with the common urea (CF) was not significantly reduced water use efficiency (P >0.05). Compared to common urea (CF)，CRU1 increased nitrogen partial productivity by 5.63%.【Conclusion】Our findings suggested that the use of CRU would permit a reduction in N application by 10%，which could maintain the potato yield and water use efficiency，increase nitrogen partial productivity．NBI and Flav could be integrated to evaluate N status of potato. |
| Key words: nitrogen status indicators；controlled-release Urea；yield；water use efficiency；nitrogen partial productivity |
