氮肥管理对稻田径流氮流失与氨挥发的影响<sub><sup> </sup></sub>

乔 月; 朱建强; 吴启侠; 谢春娇; 李明辉; 黄思情

引用本文:	乔月,朱建强,吴启侠,等.氮肥管理对稻田径流氮流失与氨挥发的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-.
	QIAO Yue,ZHU Jiangqiang,WU Qixia,et al.氮肥管理对稻田径流氮流失与氨挥发的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-.

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氮肥管理对稻田径流氮流失与氨挥发的影响
乔月, 朱建强, 吴启侠, 谢春娇, 李明辉, 黄思情
湖北省涝渍灾害与湿地农业重点实验室

摘要:

【目的】为比较不同种植方式稻田氮损失的差异,进行了稻田氮肥管理田间试验。【方法】采用裂区试验设计,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(FFP)、缓控释肥(CRF)和海藻多糖氮肥(HTN)4个氮肥管理处理,观察不同种植方式(机插稻、直播稻)下稻田径流水中氮的流失量及氨挥发特征。【结果】直播稻稻田氮素径流流失主要由播种前排水导致,径流氮素损失以铵态氮(NH4+-N)为主,占总氮径流损失量的52%左右,不同氮肥管理中径流总氮流失量FFP＞HTN＞CRF；机插稻、直播稻全生育期氨挥发损失量、损失率和氨挥发强度大小均为FFP＞HTN＞CRF,与FFP相比,全生育期CRF和HTN处理机插稻氨挥发损失率分别降低了12.5%和4.3%,氨挥发强度分别降低了43.1%和17.8%,直播稻氨挥发损失率分别降低了23.2%和12.2%,氨挥发强度分别降低了53.3%和26.8%,且直播稻的氨挥发损失量、损失率和氨挥发强度高于机插稻,主要原因是在施入基肥和分蘖肥后直播稻的田间氨挥发损失率大于机插稻；不同氮肥管理下机插稻氨挥发通量与田面水NH4+-N浓度呈线性正相关,直播稻氨挥发通量与田面水NH4+-N浓度呈二次曲线正相关,其中CRF处理的决定系数(R2,R直播稻2=0.908、R机插稻2=0.843)最高。【结论】直播稻田氮素径流流失风险大于机插稻田,氮肥管理显著影响氨挥发；施用CRF有助于降低氮素径流流失量、氨挥发损失量,提高水稻产量,建议江汉平原水稻种植中施用CRF,同时直播稻氮肥基施比例降至40%左右。

关键词: 氮素管理;径流;田面水;氨挥发;机插稻;直播稻

DOI：

分类号:S19;S365

基金项目:

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Nitrogen Loss and Ammonia Volatilization from Rice Field Runoff

QIAO Yue, ZHU Jiangqiang, WU Qixia, XIE Chunjiao, LI Minghui, HUANG Siqing

Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Yangtze University

Abstract:

_：_【_Objectives_】_{In order to compare the difference of nitrogen loss}_from_{rice fields under different planting methods, an experiment of nitrogen fertilizer management was made in paddy field.}_【_Method_s_】_U_sing_split-zone_{test design, four nitrogen management treatments were set up that are: no fertilization(CK), conventional fertilization (FFP), slow and controlled release fertilizer (CRF) and seaweed polysaccharide nitrogen fertilizer (HTN), so as to observe the nitrogen loss of runoff water and ammonia volatilization from paddy fields in different planting methods (machine transplanted rice and direct seeded rice) under the four nitrogen fertilizer managements}_._【_Results_】_{nitrogen runoff from direct seeding rice fields is mainly caused by drainage before sowing, nitrogen loss from runoff is mainly ammonium nitrogen (NH4}_⁺_{-N), accounting for 52% of total nitrogen loss from runoff, the order of total nitrogen loss from runoff in different nitrogen management is FFP > HTN > CRF; the ammonia volatilization loss, loss rate and ammonia volatilization intensity of machine-transplanted rice and direct-seeded rice were FFP > HTN > CRF during the whole growth period;} _{compared with FFP, the ammonia volatilization loss rate of CRF and HTN processors during the whole growth period decreased by 12.5% and 4.3%, ammonia volatilization intensity decreased by 43.1% and 17.8% ,ammonia volatilization loss rate of direct seeding rice decreased by 23.2% and 12.2%, ammonia volatilization intensity decreased by 53.3% and 26.8%, In addition, the ammonia volatilization loss, loss rate and ammonia volatilization intensity of direct seeding rice are higher than those of mechanical transplanting rice, mainly because the ammonia volatilization loss rate}_in_{direct-seeding rice field is higher than that of mechanical transplanting rice field after adding the base fertilizer and}_tillering_fertilizer;_{under different nitrogen fertilizer management, ammonia volatilization flux of machine-transplanted rice is linearly positively correlated with NH}₄_⁺_{-N concentration in field surface water, while ammonia volatilization flux of direct-seeded rice is positively correlated with NH}₄_⁺_{-N concentration in field surface water in quadratic curve,}_{the determination coefficient (R}_²_{) of CRF}_{treatment was the highest (R}_²_{is 0.908 for direct seeding rice, 0.843 for mechanical transplanting rice).}_【_Conclusions_】_T_{he risk of nitrogen runoff loss in direct seeding rice fields is greater than that in machine-transplanted rice fields, nitrogen management significantly affected ammonia volatilization; applying CRF is helpful to reduce nitrogen runoff loss, ammonia volatilization loss and increase rice yield, it is suggested that CRF be applied in rice planting in}_Jianghan_{Plain, and the basal application ratio of nitrogen fertilizer for direct seeding rice be reduced to about 40%.}

Key words: nitrogen management; runoff; surface water; ammonia volatilization; machine-transplanted rice; direct-seeding rice