| 引用本文: | 贾咏霖,屈忠义,丁艳宏,等.不同灌溉方式下施用生物炭对土壤水盐运移规律及玉米水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,(8):-. |
| Qu Zhongyi,Jia Yonglin,Ding Yanhong,et al.不同灌溉方式下施用生物炭对土壤水盐运移规律及玉米水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020,(8):-. |
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| 不同灌溉方式下施用生物炭对土壤水盐运移规律及玉米水分利用效率的影响 |
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贾咏霖1, 屈忠义1, 丁艳宏2, 杨威1, 马贵仁1, 李争争1
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1.内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院;2.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】内蒙古河套灌区土壤盐碱化程度较高、农田水资源浪费严重。研究不同灌溉方式下生物炭对土壤水盐运移特征、作物生长及水分利用效率的中长期综合影响效应,推荐适宜的灌溉方式和生物炭用量,为农田水资源高效利用及盐碱化耕地治理提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以灌溉方式、玉米秸秆生物炭用量为二因素设计完全随机区组田间小区试验,共设置6个处理,其中灌溉方式为地下水滴灌、地下水畦灌、黄河水畦灌,生物炭用量为0、30 t/hm2。生物炭在2016年玉米播种前施入土壤表面并通过翻耕机混入土壤耕层,2017年和2018年不再施用生物炭。2018年玉米生长季考察并分析灌灌条件-生物炭耦合处理下的土壤水分动态、降盐效果、玉米产量、蒸散量和水分利用效率。【结果】地下水滴灌条件下,与未施加生物炭的处理相比,施加生物炭的脱盐量增加13.3%,作物蒸散量提高10.5%,水分利用效率6.0%,产量提高3.5%。而畦灌条件下,施用生物炭的处理的脱盐量增加5.0%,蒸散量提高1.3%,产量提高4.8%,水分利用效率增加3.1%。【结论】生物炭施用后的第3年仍能抑制不同灌溉方式下玉米农田0~100 cm土壤的盐分积累,提高作物水分利用效率,增加作物产量,相比而言,膜下滴灌下施用30 t/hm2的生物炭的节水降盐增产效果更优。 |
| 关键词: 不同灌溉条件;生物炭;中长期效应;脱盐量;土壤水分;产量构成要素 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S156.2; S152.7 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(51779117) |
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| Effects of Straw Biochar on Soil Water, Salt Transport and Water Use Efficiencey in Corn grown under Different Irrigation Conditions |
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Qu Zhongyi1, Jia Yonglin1, Ding Yanhong2, Yang Wei1, Ma Guiren1, Li Zhengzhegn1
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1.Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University;2.College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A＆F University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Inner Mongolia Hetao Irrigation District has a high degree of soil salinization and serious waste of farmland water resources. Investigate the effects of biochar on soil water and salt transport characteristics, crop growth and water use efficiency under different irrigation methods in the medium and long term. Recommend suitable irrigation methods and biochar use for efficient use of farmland water resources and salinization of arable land. Provide theoretical basis and technical support. 【Method】Irrigation method and corn straw biochar amount were used as two factors to design a completely random block field plot experiment. A total of 6 treatments were set up. Among them, the irrigation methods were groundwater drip irrigation, groundwater subsurface irrigation, and yellow river subsurface irrigation. Biochar was applied to the soil surface before being planted in 2016 and mixed into the soil plough layer with a tiller. Biochar was no longer applied in 2017 and 2018. In the 2018 corn growing season, we investigated and analyzed soil moisture dynamics, salt reduction effect, corn yield, evapotranspiration and water use efficiency under the conditions of irrigation and biochar coupling.【Result】Under the condition of groundwater drip irrigation, compared with the treatment without biochar, the amount of desalination increased by 13.3%, the crop evapotranspiration increased by 10.5%, the water use efficiency was 6.0%, and the yield increased by 3.5%. Under the condition of irrigated irrigation, the amount of desalination increased by 5.0%, the evapotranspiration increased by 1.3%, the yield increased by 4.8%, and the water use efficiency increased by 3.1%.【Conclusion】In the third year after the application of biochar, it can still inhibit the salt accumulation of 0-100 cm soil in maize farmland under different irrigation methods, improve crop water use efficiency and increase crop yield. In comparison, application of 30 t/hm2 biochar under film drip irrigation under the film has better water-saving and salt-saving effects and increased yield. |
| Key words: different irrigation conditions; biochar; medium and long-term effects; desalination; soil moisture; yield components |
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