| 引用本文: | 佘映军,李平,白芳芳,等.地下水埋深与施氮水平对夏玉米生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| SHE Yingjun,LI Ping,BAI Fangfang,et al.地下水埋深与施氮水平对夏玉米生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为华北地区夏玉米减肥增效和地下水环境保护提供理论依据。【方法】借助大型地中渗透仪和Logistic作物生长模型，采用二因素完全随机区组设计：地下水埋深（G1:2.25 m、G2:3.00 m、G3:4.00 m），施氮量（N1：减氮20%、N2：常规施氮），以及不施氮不控水作为对照（WN），研究了华北地区地下水埋深和施氮水平组合对夏玉米生长、干物质量积累和产量及其构成要素的影响。【结果】所有处理夏玉米叶面积指数（LAI）在灌浆期最大。成熟期相同施氮水平，G1处理显著高于G2、G3处理；N2水平下，G1处理玉米株高快速生长时间较G2、G3处理分别增加了3.99%、12.91%，但最大增长速率相对降低了9.69%、14.65%；N1水平下，G1处理籽粒干物质量显著高于G2和G3处理，N2水平下，G3处理显著高于G1和G2处理；穗质量、产量在N2水平下随地下水埋深增加而增加，差异显著，秃尖长与之相反，而N1水平下产量随地下水埋深增加而减小；N2水平下，G1处理硝态氮增量显著高于G2、G3处理，0～20 cm分别高出75.92%、90.03%，20～40 cm分别高出30.56%、130.95%。同一地下水埋深，成熟期LAI表现为N2显著高于N1；0～20 cm与20～40 cm土层硝态氮增量N2是N1处理的1.4～5.3倍、2.4～11.2倍；在G1水平下，N2处理株高快速生长期较N1增加了7.52%，N1处理产量较N2处理显著增加22.18%，而在G3水平，N2处理产量显著高于N1处理，增加17.80%。【结论】施氮量高，地下水埋深越浅玉米快速生长期较长，较浅地下水埋深条件下高施氮水平会抑制作物生长，地下水埋深2.25 m更有利于减施氮肥。 |
| 关键词: 地下水埋深；减氮；夏玉米；产量；Logistic曲线模型 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S147.22；S273.4 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effects of Physiological Characteristics and Yield Components of Summer Maize Under Different Groundwater Depth and Nitrogen Application in North China |
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SHE Yingjun1, LI Ping2, BAI Fangfang3, DU Zhenjie1, LIANG Zhijie1, QI Xuebin1
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1.Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang Henan;2.Water Environment Factor Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety,Ministry of Agriculture,Xinxiang Henan;3.Agricultural Water Soil Environmental Field Research Station of Xinxiang,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang Henan
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The objective is that provides a basis for the increase of summer maize fertilizer efficiency and the protection of groundwater environment in north China.【Method】The experiment used completely randomized design with two factors (groundwater depth and nitrogen application) in large lysimeters. Two factors were used in the completely random design: The first factor was groundwater depth (G1:2.25 m; G2:3.00 m; G3:4.00 m), the second factor was nitrogen application amount (N1: nitrogen reduction 20%; N2: conventional nitrogen application), and the control without nitrogen application and water control (WN). To study the effects of the combination of groundwater depth and nitrogen application level on the growth characteristics of summer maize, the dry matter accumulation, yield and its components.【Result】The leaf area index (LAI) of all treated summer maize reached its maximum at the grouting stage. In mature stage, the LAI of G1 was higher than G2 and G3 significantly at the same nitrogen level. And under the level of N2, compared with that of G2、G3, the number of days of maize rapid growth of G1 increased by 3.99%、12.91%, and the maximum growth rate decreased by 9.69%、14.65%, respectively. Under N1 level, dry matter mass of grain treated with G1 was significantly higher than that of G2 and G3 treatment, but under N2 level, dry matter mass of grain treated with G3 was significantly higher than that of G1 and G2 treatment. The panicle weight，yield increased with the increase of groundwater depth, and the difference was significant under N2, but the bald tip length was opposite, while the yield decreased with the increase of groundwater depth under N1. Under the N2 treatment, the incremental of NO3--N of G1 was significantly higher than that at G2, G3 treatment, which were 75.92%、90.03% in 0~20 cm and 30.56%、130.95% in 20~40 cm respectively. At the same groundwater depth level, LAI at mature stage showed that N2 was significantly higher than N1；Under the condition of G1, the rapid growth period of N2 treatment plant height was 7.52% longer than N1. The increment of nitrate concentration of N2 in 0~20 cm soil layer was 1.4～5.3 times that of N1, and N2 in 20~40 cm soil layer was 2.4～11.2 times that of N1. At the level of G1, the treated yield of N1 increased by 22.18% compared with that of N2, while at the level of G3, N2 was significantly higher than N1, increased by 17.80%.【Conclusion】The nitrogen application is higher and the groundwater depth is shallower, the rapid growth period of maize will be longer, but the higher nitrogen application level under the shallower groundwater depth will inhibit the crop growth; Nitrogen fertilizer reduction will be more beneficial under the condition of 2.25 m groundwater depth. |
| Key words: Groundwater depth; nitrogen-reducing; summer maize; yield; Logistic curve model |
