| 引用本文: | 王斌,聂督,赵圆峰,等.水氮耦合对藜麦产量、氮素吸收和水氮利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| WANG Bin,NIE Du,ZHAO Yuanfeng,et al.水氮耦合对藜麦产量、氮素吸收和水氮利用的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 水氮耦合对藜麦产量、氮素吸收和水氮利用的影响 |
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王斌1, 聂督1, 赵圆峰2, 霍晓兰1, 黄高鉴1, 张强3
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1.山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所;2.山西大学生物工程学院;3.山西省农业科学院
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨不同水氮条件对藜麦产量、氮素吸收和水氮利用规律的影响，为藜麦水氮调控提供理论依据。【方法】采用田间小区试验，设3个灌溉定额(0、30、50 mm)和5个施氮水平(0、37.5、75、112.5、150 kg/hm2)，研究了不同水氮处理对藜麦干物质累积量、氮素吸收累积量、产量、收获指数、土壤氮素表观盈亏量、氮肥农学效率、氮肥利用率和水分利用率等的影响。【结果】与不施氮肥对比，氮肥施用量在37.5～150 kg/hm2范围内的提高，可以显著增加藜麦干物质累积量、氮素吸收累积量和产量，增幅分别为59.4%～229%、42.9%～277%、288%～1 214%；随着灌溉量的提高，藜麦生育期干物质积累量也相应提高，增幅为9.2%～39.7%，氮素累积量增幅为25.5%～56.7%，产量增幅为20.2%～24.9%；水氮互作对藜麦干物质累积量和藜麦籽粒氮素积累量有显著影响；藜麦收获指数在施氮量37.5 kg/hm2，灌溉定额为50 mm时达到最高35.7%；施氮量在75～112.5 kg/hm2之间较为合理，不会造成较大的氮素盈余；氮肥农学效率在施氮量75 kg/hm2，灌溉定额为30 mm时达到了最高26.8 kg/kg；氮肥利用率和水分利用率在施氮量150 kg/hm2，灌溉定额为50 mm时分别达到了最高81.6%和0.73 kg/m3。【结论】藜麦施氮肥处理为112.5 kg/hm2，灌溉定额为50 mm时为最佳。 |
| 关键词: 藜麦;水氮耦合;水氮利用;氮素吸收;氮肥利用率;水分利用率 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S519 |
| 基金项目:山西省科技成果转化引导专项项目：旱地藜麦减肥增效集成技术示范推广(201904D131054)；山西省农科院农业科技创新研究课题:藜麦养分需求规律与施肥技术研究（YCX2018D2T01）；山西省专利推广实施资助专项项目：晋西北高寒山区藜麦专用肥示范与推广(2019043) |
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| Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Quinoa Yield, Nitrogen Absorption, and Water and Nitrogen Utilization |
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WANG Bin1, NIE Du1, ZHAO Yuanfeng2, HUO Xiaolan1, HUANG Gaojian1, ZHANG Qiang3
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1.Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences;2.College of Biological Engineering,Shanxi University Taiyuan;3.Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Since quinoa was introduced to China in the 1980s, it has attracted more and more attention because of its unique and rich nutritional value. In 2013, quinoa was planted about 667 hm2 in Jingle county, Shanxi province which is the first province on large scale quinoa planting in China. In 2019, the area of quinoa planted was about 13 333 hm2 in China. Although the planting area continues to expand, there is little scientific research on quinoa in China. The research on quinoa mainly focused on processing, cultivation and breeding and the research on quinoa water and nitrogen is very few in China nowadays. As we all know, water and nitrogen are two key factors for high yield of crops.The yield, quality and benefit of crops are significantly affected by the regulation of water and fertilizer utilization efficiency. At present, there are many problems in quinoa planting in China, such as excessive nitrogen fertilizer and unreasonable irrigation. Therefore, it is necessary to study the growth, yield, nutrient, water and fertilizer utilization of quinoa in different water and fertilizer conditions.【Objective】The objective of this study was explore the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilization rates on quinoa yield, nitrogen absorption, and water and nitrogen utilization, and provide a theoretical basis for regulating water and nitrogen input in quinoa production.【Method】The two factors in this field trial were irrigation rate (W) with 3 levels(0,30,50 mm), and nitrogen application rate (N) with 5 levels(0,37.5,75,112.5,150 kg/hm2). The effects of different irrigation and nitrogen fertilization rates on quinoa dry matter accumulation, nitrogen uptake, yield, harvest index, apparent nitrogen budget, nitrogen agronomic efficiency, nitrogen utilization rate, water consumption, and water use efficiency etc. were examined.【Result】As nitrogen fertilization rate increased in the range of 37.5~150 kg/hm2 , the dry matter accumulation, the accumulation of nitrogen absorption, and yield were significantly increased by 59.4%~229 %, 42.9%277%, 288%1214%, respectively, when compared to the non-nitrogen fertilization treatment. As irrigation rate increased, dry matter accumulation during growth period was also increased correspondingly. The increase in the dry matter accumulation ranged from 9.2% to 39.7%, the increase in the amount of nitrogen accumulation ranged from 25.5% to 56.7%, and the increase in yield was from 20.2% to 24.9% due to the increase in irrigation input. The interaction of irrigation and nitrogen significantly influenced quinoa dry matter accumulation and grain nitrogen accumulation.When a nitrogen application rate was 37.5 kg/hm2 and an irrigation volume was 50 mm, the maximum harvest index (35.7%) was obtained. The nitrogen application rates between 75 to 112.5 kg/hm2, were considered reasonable and would not cause a substantial nitrogen surplus. When a nitrogen fertilization rate was 75 kg/hm2 and an irrigation volume was 30 mm, the maximum nitrogen agronomic efficiency (26.8 kg/kg) was found.When a nitrogen fertilization rate was 150 kg/hm2 and an irrigation volume was 50 mm, the nitrogen utilization rate and water use efficiency reached highest, which were 81.6% and 0.73 kg/m3.【Conclusion】The best nitrogen fertilization treatment was 112.5 kg/hm2, and the best irrigation level was 50 mm for quinoa. |
| Key words: quinoa; water-nitrogen coupling; water and nitrogen utilization; nitrogen absorption; nitrogen use efficiency; water use efficiency |
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