| 引用本文: | 谷少委,刘杰云,范习超,等.广利灌区总 干渠水质及氮磷污染评价初步研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| GU Shao-wei,LIU Jie-yun,FAN Xi-chao,et al.广利灌区总 干渠水质及氮磷污染评价初步研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】针对灌区绿色发展面临严峻挑战和水环境不断恶化等问题，探究广利灌区总干渠水质及氮、磷污染现状及其对灌区水环境的影响,进一步提出灌区水环境问题解决建议。【方法】于2019年6月-2019年12月，在灌区内总干渠选取具有代表性的6个断面，进行了6次水质监测，测定水体中的总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、CODCr和BOD5等反映水质和氮、磷污染的基本指标。采用适用于我国河流水质综合评价的综合水质标识指数法和富营养化评价的对数型幂函数普适指数公式对河流水质及富营养化情况进行分析。【结果】结果1，广利灌区86%的水体水质能满足第Ⅴ类农业水域功能区的用水要求，且综合水质标识指数随时间和空间变化显著，7月份66.7%水体处于劣Ⅴ类水标准，在三号闸和补源进水口取样点出现了黑臭水体。结果2，广利灌区水体富营养化严重，灌区内水体100%处于富营养状态，富营养化评价综合指数（EI）峰值出现在7月份补源进水口处、为80.5，且41.6%的水体处于重富营养化状态。结果3，TN平均质量浓度为5.30 mg/L，为地表水Ⅴ类水标准的2.65倍，TP平均质量浓度为0.156 mg/L，氮磷比为33.97：1，适宜藻类生长。【结论】广利灌区总体水质可满足农业功能区用水要求，但富营养化水平较高，尤其是氮污染严重，灌区内的原生态土渠和水生植物使河流具有良好的自净能力，能发挥其生态功能作用。因此，建议加强灌区内入河水体的污染控制尤其是氮、磷污染的监测；同时渠道衬砌要考虑生态环境、配比生态衬砌和原生态土渠、河道搭配水生植物，进而对河水中的氮、磷等污染物进行吸附，以改善灌区水环境。 |
| 关键词: 广利灌区;总干渠;水质;氮磷污染;富营养化 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275.3 |
| 基金项目:中国农业科学院基本科研业务费所级统筹项目 |
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| Preliminary Study on Evaluation of Water Quality and Nitrogen and Phosphorus Pollution in Main Canal of Guangli Irrigation District |
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GU Shao-wei1, LIU Jie-yun2, FAN Xi-chao2, QIN Jing-tao2, ZHONG Zhi-bo2, LYU Mou-chao1, gaojianmin3
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1.Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Institute/ Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Irrigation Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;2.Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Institute;3.Lianyungang City Tongyu River North Extension Water Project Management Office
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In view of the serious challenges faced by the green development of irrigation districts and the continuous deterioration of the water environment, the status of the main canal water quality and nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in Guangli Irrigation District and its impact on the water environment of the irrigation district were explored, and further suggestions for solving the water environment problems.【Method】From June 2019 to December 2019, six representative sections of the main canal in the irrigation area were selected and water quality monitoring was conducted six times to determine the total amount of Nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), CODCr and BOD5 in the water body, which can be measure of water quality and nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, use the comprehensive water quality identification index suitable comprehensive evaluation of domestic river water quality, and the power function in logarithm form Universal Index Formula of eutrophication Assessment to analyze river water quality and eutrophication.【Result】Result 1. According to the comprehensive water quality identification index, 86% of the water quality of Guangli Irrigation District can meet the water requirements of the type V agricultural water functional area, and the comprehensive water quality index changes with time and space significantly, 66.7% of the water body was reduced to sub grade five, and black and odorous water bodies appeared at gate 3 and source supply intake sampling point in July. Result 2, the eutrophication of Guangli Irrigation District is serious,100% of the water in Guangli Irrigation District is in eutrophic state, the peak value of eutrophication evaluation index (EI) appears at the source supply intake in July at 80.5, and 41.6% of the water body is in serious entrophication. Result 3. The average mass concentration of TN is 5.30 mg / L, which is 2.65 times of the standard for surface water type V. the average mass concentration of TP is 0.156 mg/L, and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 33.97: 1, which is suitable for algae growth.【Conclusion】The overall water quality of Guangli Irrigation District can meet the water requirements of agricultural functional areas, but the level of eutrophication is high, especially the serious nitrogen pollution. The original ecological earth canals and aquatic plants in the irrigation area make the river have a good self-purification ability and can play its ecological function. Therefore, it is recommended to strengthen the pollution control of the water body entering the irrigation area, especially the monitoring of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution; at the same time, the channel lining should consider the ecological environment, the matching ecological lining and the original ecological canal, river channel with aquatic plants, and then adsorb the pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the river water to improve the water environment of the irrigation district. |
| Key words: Guangli Irrigation District; main canal ,water quality; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution; eutrophication |
