| 摘要: |
| 摘 要：【目的】减少再生稻温室气体排放。【方法】采用静态暗箱–气相色谱法对再生稻进行温室气体排放的田间原位观测，设置2种灌溉模式（常规灌溉和干湿交替灌溉）和5个处理（不施氮，CK；农民常规分次施氮，FFP；一次性根区5cm浅施控释尿素，RF1；一次性根区10 cm深施控释尿素，RF2；一次性根区分层施控释尿素，RF3)，研究了再生稻优化灌溉与根区分层施氮对温室气体排放和产量的综合影响。【结果】①常规灌溉模式下RF1、RF2和RF3处理在全生育期的CH4、N2O和CO2排放量比FFP处理分别降低了49%~76%、55%~81%和57%~69%（P<0.05），干湿交替模式下其CH4、N2O和CO2 排放量比FFP处理分别降低了52%~77%、52%~73%和 61%~75%（P<0.05）。②三种温室气体所引起的GWP（以CO2计，kg/hm2），干湿交替下FFP、RF1、RF2和RF3处理的GWP量与常规灌溉相比则分别降低了3%、10%、13%和11%（P<0.05）。③两种灌溉模式下RF3处理再生稻产量较FFP处理分别显著提高了7%和11%。【结论】再生稻根区分层施用控释尿素在提高产量下对温室气体具有减排作用，而且干湿交替模式在节约灌溉水的同时能够提高再生稻全生育产量，也具有一定的减排作用，因此分层施氮与灌溉水优化协同是实现再生稻种植的轻简化操作的可行措施。 |
| 关键词: 再生稻; 灌溉模式; 根区施肥; 温室气体; 全球增温潜势（GWP） |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S157 |
| 基金项目:长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金(7011802408)；长江大学博士启动金项目(801180010149)；十三五国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新”(2016YFD0300907)。 |
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| Greenhouse mitigation by layered root-zone fertilization of nitrogen combined with alternating wetting and drying irrigation in the ratoon rice field. |
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DINGZijuan
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College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wet land Ministry of Education
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract：【Background】Rice field is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. How to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields through effective water and fertilizer management measures has become a research hotspot in the field of climate change.【Objective】To reduce greenhouse gas emissions from ratoon rice.【Method】The static chamber and gas chromatography method was used for in-situ field observation, and two kinds of irrigation modes (convention and alternating wetting and drying) and five fertilization treatments (No nitrogen, CK; farmer's regular urea nitrogen application, FFP; root-zone fertilization with 5cm deep of controlled-release urea, RF1; root-zone fertilization with 10 cm deep of controlled-release urea, RF2; double-deck root-zone fertilization with both 5 cm and 10 cm deep of controlled release urea, RF3) were set.【Results】①In all treatments, The CH4, N2O, and CO2 emissions of RF1, RF2, and RF3 treatments in the whole growth period were reduced by 49%~76%, 55%~81%, and 57%~69%, respectively, compared with FFP treatment under conventional irrigation mode (P<0.05); CH4, N2O and CO2 emissions in the dry-wet alternate mode were reduced by 52%~77%, 52%~73% and 61%~75%, respectively, compared with FFP treatment (P<0.05).②The GWP (CO2, kg·hm-2) caused by three greenhouse gases was reduced by 3%, 10%, 13% and 11% respectively under FFP, RF1, RF2 and RF3 treatment compared with conventional irrigation under wet and dry conditions (P<0.05).③ Compared with FFP treatment, RF3 treatment significantly increased the yield of ratoon rice by 7% and 11% under the two irrigation modes. 【Conclusion】The application of controlled-release urea in the root-zone can not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also increase rice yield, and the AWD saved irrigation water, and also increased yield of the ratoon rice with large greenhouse gas mitigation. Therefore, the combination of root-zone fertilization and optimized irrigation as the feasible measures could realize the simplified operation of ratoon rice. |
| Key words: ratoon rice; irrigation mode; root-zone fertilization; greenhouse gas; GWP |
