不同滴灌用肥配方对香蕉产量、养分吸收利用及经济效益的影响

臧小平; 井 涛; 陈宇丰; 王 尉; 王甲水; 马蔚红; 谢江辉

引用本文:	臧小平,井涛,陈宇丰,等.不同滴灌用肥配方对香蕉产量、养分吸收利用及经济效益的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-.
	ZANG Xiaoping,JING Tao,CHEN Yufengi,et al.不同滴灌用肥配方对香蕉产量、养分吸收利用及经济效益的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-.

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不同滴灌用肥配方对香蕉产量、养分吸收利用及经济效益的影响
臧小平¹, 井涛¹, 陈宇丰², 王尉², 王甲水¹, 马蔚红¹, 谢江辉²
1.中国热带农业科学院海口实验站;2.中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所

摘要:

【目的】水肥一体化以水施肥是满足作物营养、减少养分固定及提高肥料利用效率的有效途径。本文研究分析了滴灌施3种水溶性肥料对香蕉果实产量、养分吸收利用及经济效益的影响，探索滴施肥在集约化香蕉种植模式下的应用效果，为香蕉科学合理施肥提供技术支持。【方法】采用田间试验方法，设置不施肥（CK）、配方A（N 309.7 kg/hm2，N:P2O5:K2O=1.00:0.37:2.61）、配方B（N 619.3 kg/hm2，N:P2O5:K2O=1.00:0.37:1.76）、配方C（N 619.3 kg/hm2，复合微量元素18.0 kg/hm2，N:P2O5:K2O=1.00:0.37:1.76）共4个处理。研究了滴灌施用不同配方肥料对香蕉产量、肥料利用效率及经济效益的影响。【结果】滴灌水肥一体化条件下，施化肥处理可显著提高香蕉的假茎粗、青叶数、叶长(P<0.05)，处理A香蕉产量达53 781 kg/hm2，比传统的常规管理（处理B）提高9.7%；肥料农学效率和肥料偏生产力较B处理分别提高125.6%、72.6%。处理A纯收益为116 614元/hm2，较处理B增加22.2%，产出投入比由1.95:1上升到2.18:1。【结论】从香蕉产量、化肥减施和养分高效利用及经济效益综合考虑，滴灌施肥配方A在香蕉上的田间应用效果最好。

关键词: 滴灌；香蕉；水溶肥；产量；养分吸收利用效率

DOI：

分类号:S147.3

基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0202105)；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设(CARS-31-5)

Effects of Fertilizer Formulations on Banana Yield, Nutrient Utilization Efficiency and Economic Benefits under Drip Irrigation

ZANG Xiaoping¹, JING Tao¹, CHEN Yufengi², WANG Wei², WANG Jiashui¹, MA Weihong¹, XIE Jianghui²

1.HaiKou Experimental Station,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences;2.Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences

Abstract:

【Objective】 Low nutrient use efficiency is a hard issue in China. Water coupling with fertilizer application is an effective way of improving nutrient resources efficiency as well as decreasing soil nutrient fixation in acidic soil. However, more information is needed about how to improve nutrient utilization efficiency in drip irragated fields. The objective of this field study was to compare the effect of different fertilizer formulations on drip-irrigated banana yield and nutrient utilization. 【Method】The experiment included four treatments: (i) no chemical fertilizer(CK), (ii) N application rate 309.7 kg/hm2 and N:P2O5:K2O=1.00:0.37:2.61(Treatment A), (iii) N application rate 619.3 kg/hm2 and N:P2O5:K2O=1.00:0.37:1.76(Treatment B), (iv) N application rate 619.3 kg/hm2, compound microelement 18.0 kg/hm2 and N:P2O5:K2O=1.00:0.37:1.76(Treatment C).【Result】The pseudostem girth, leaf number and leaf length in the chemical fertilizer treatments were higher than in the CK (P<0.05). The yield was 53 781 kg/hm2 in the A treatment, 9.7% higher than in the B treatment. The A treatment increased the agronomic efficiency (AE) and the partial factor productivity (PFP) by 125.6% and 72.6% compared with the B treatment. The net income was 116 614 yuan/hm2 in the A treatment, 22.2% higher than in the B treatment. and promote by input-output ratio from 1.95:1 to 2.18:1 respectively. 【Conclusion】Comprehensively compared, the best economic indicators, and fertilizer reduction of the banana fruit were obtained by the treatment of formula A , which also can be regarded as an efficient fertilizer application strategy in acidic soil.

Key words: drip irrigation; banana; water-soluble fertilizer; yield; nutrient utilization efficiency