| 引用本文: | 赵红玉,朱成立,黄明逸,等.微咸水灌溉下生物炭添加量对冬小麦花后干物质积累及转运的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| zhaohongyu,zhuchengli,huangmingyi,et al.微咸水灌溉下生物炭添加量对冬小麦花后干物质积累及转运的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】提高微咸水灌溉效率并降低土壤盐渍化风险。【方法】以冬小麦为研究对象，设计避雨条件下不同微咸水-生物炭处理（CK，淡水；B0，5 g/L微咸水；B15，5 g/L微咸水及15 t/hm2生物炭；B30，5 g/L微咸水及30 t/hm2生物炭；B45，5 g/L微咸水及45 t/hm2生物炭）的田间试验，探讨了微咸水灌溉下生物炭添加量对土壤特性和冬小麦花后干物质积累及转运的影响机制。【结果】生物炭添加后土壤表层（0~20 cm）体积质量降低了2.27%～8.33%，总孔隙度增加了4.52%～13.47%，有机质量增加了30.02%～111.12%，土壤表层（0~20 cm）及主根区（0~40 cm）钠吸附比降低了23.88%～33.27%和22.34%～30.80%；15 t/hm2能够促进盐分淋洗，降低了微咸水灌溉下土壤含盐量，然而高剂量时将加剧盐分累积。单独微咸水灌溉下冬小麦生长受抑，最终产量下降了12.04%。生物炭能够缓解盐胁迫下叶片早衰，促进光合作用能力，并增加花前干物质转运量及花后干物质积累量，进而获取了更高的籽粒质量和收获指数。B15、B30、B45处理的最终产量较B0处理分别增加9.18%、7.73%、2.74%。【结论】15 t/hm2添加量的生物炭效果最佳，可促进微咸水资源的农业利用。 |
| 关键词: 冬小麦；微咸水；生物炭；光合；干物质 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S156;S275 |
| 基金项目:国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划） |
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| Effect of Biochar Addition on Dry Matter Accumulation and Transport of Winter Wheat after Anthesis under Brackish Water Irrigation |
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zhaohongyu1, zhuchengli1, huangmingyi1, zeyuwen1, zhaiyaming1, zhengjunyu2
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1.Hohai University;2.Jiangsu Water Conservancy Survey and Design Institute Co., Ltd.
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】China is a country with a large population, and the food problem is a major event related to the national economy and people's livelihood. Winter wheat is one of the important food crops in China. However, the rainfall in the growing season of winter wheat is usually less than enough to meet the water demand of crop growth. Agricultural irrigation is an important means to ensure the high yield of winter wheat. At present, the contradiction between supply and demand of fresh water resources has become increasingly prominent, and the shortage of water resources seriously affects food production. The rational development of saline water and brackish water resources has become a concern of all countries.【Objective】Brackish water resources are more and more used in agricultural production. Suitable soil amendments can improve the efficiency of brackish water irrigation and reduce the risk of soil salinization. 【Method】Field experiments under rain shelter conditions were conducted to investigate the effects of different brackish water - biochar treatments (CK, fresh water irrigation control group; B0, 5g/L brackish water irrigation; B15, 5 g/L brackish water irrigation combined with biochar of 15 t/hm2 ; B30, 5g/L brackish water irrigation combined with biochar of 30 t/hm2; B45, 5 g/L brackish water irrigation combined with biochar of 45t/hm2) on soil properties and dry matter accumulation and transport of winter wheat after anthesis. 【Result】The result showed that the soil properties were significantly improved under biochar application. The volume mass of upper soil layer(0~20 cm) decreased by 2.27%～8.33%, the total porosity of upper soil layer(0~20 cm) increased by 4.52%～13.47%, the organic matter of upper soil layer(0~20 cm) increased by 30.02%～111.12%, the sodium adsorption ratio of upper soil layer(0~20 cm) and taproot region(0~40 cm) decreased by 23.88%～33.27% and 22.34%～30.80% respectively. The biochar application rate of 15 t/hm2 could promote salt leaching and reduce soil salt content under brackish water irrigation. However, salt accumulation would be aggravated at the application of high-dose biochar, the salt content of soil increased with the increase of biochar application. Under brackish water irrigation alone, the growth and production of winter wheat were significantly inhibited, and the final grain yield decreased by 12.04%. Biochar could alleviate the premature senescence of leaves and promote photosynthesis under salt stress.The winter wheat treated with biochar maintained higher levels of leaf area index, leaf area duration, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance under salt stress. Biochar could improve the dry matter accumulation and transportation characteristics of winter wheat under brackish water irrigation, promote the dry matter transport in vegetative organs before anthesis and maintain good dry matter production capacity after anthesis, so as to obtain higher grain weight and harvest index, and promoting winter wheat production under salt stress. Compared with B0 without biochar, the final grain yield of B15, B30 and B45 increased by 9.18%, 7.73% and 2.74% respectively under brackish water irrigation. 【Conclusion】 In this study, the biochar application rate of 15 t/hm2 would be a best practice, which could promote the agricultural utilization of brackish water resources. |
| Key words: winter wheat; brackish water; biochar; photosynthesis; dry matter |
