| 引用本文: | 张蓉蓉,任爱霞,林 文,等.不同氮响应型小麦品种植株氮素利用的差异及氮肥的调控研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| zhangrongrong,REN Aixia,LIN Wen,et al.不同氮响应型小麦品种植株氮素利用的差异及氮肥的调控研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 不同氮响应型小麦品种植株氮素利用的差异及氮肥的调控研究 |
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张蓉蓉1, 任爱霞1, 林 文1, Noor Hafeez2, 王文翔1, 李 蕾1, 赵庆玲1, 高志强1, 孙 敏1
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1.山西农业大学 农学院;2.山西农业大学
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为明确不同氮响应型冬小麦品种氮素吸收利用对氮肥的响应差异，挖掘黄土高原麦区冬小麦品种的高效高产潜力。【方法】于2018-2019年在山西农业大学校内小麦试验基地开展试验，试验主区为良星99、邯麦13、山农22、良星77、烟农999和山农29 6个冬小麦品种，副区为150 kg?hm-2、270 kg?hm-2 2个施氮水平，分析不同氮响应型冬小麦产量及氮效率与植株氮素吸收利用的关系，明确不同氮响应型小麦品种植株氮素吸收利用机制的差异。【结果】根据氮响应度将6个冬小麦品种聚类划分为强响应型品种（山农29、邯麦13和烟农999）和弱响应型品种（良星77、山农22和良星99）。强响应型品种较弱响应型品种显著提高了籽粒氮素积累量、花前植株氮素运转量、花后植株氮素积累量、产量以及氮效率，其中产量及氮效率分别增加18%-22%、9%-12%，显著降低了成熟期20-200 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量。施氮量270 kg?hm-2较150 kg?hm-2强响应型品种成熟期茎秆+叶鞘、叶片氮素积累量和百公斤籽粒吸氮量显著降低，花前植株氮素运转量及其对籽粒的贡献率、花后植株氮素积累量、花前茎秆+叶鞘、叶片氮素运转量及其贡献率显著提高，氮素利用效率和产量分别显著增加12%和5%；弱响应型品种各器官氮素积累量增加，籽粒氮素积累量所占比例下降，花前植株、茎秆+叶鞘氮素运转量及其对籽粒的贡献率显著提高，产量显著提高7.87%，成熟期0-120 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量显著提高，百公斤籽粒吸氮量降低不显著。此外，在同类品种不同施氮量条件下，产量、氮素利用效率、百公斤籽粒吸氮量均与花前整株氮素运转量相关性更高，且强响应型小麦品种的相关性高于弱响应型品种。氮素吸收效率和氮素生产效率与植株氮素吸收运转无显著相关关系。【结论】总之，强响应型品种产量、氮素利用效率高，器官中积累氮素向籽粒运转能力强，且花前茎秆+叶鞘、叶片氮素运转量可以作为氮高效品种的筛选指标。施氮量270 kg?hm-2较150 kg?hm-2促进强响应型品种产量及氮素利用效率显著增加，保证高产高效。 |
| 关键词: 氮响应型;冬小麦;品种;土壤硝态氮;氮素吸收利用;产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:J |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项经费(CARS-03-01-24)；国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD020040105)；山西省重点研发计划重点项目(201703D211001)；山西省 “1331工程”重点创新(培育)团队。 |
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| Differences of Nitrogen Utilization in Different Nitrogen-responsive Wheat Varieties and the Regulation of Nitrogen Fertilizer |
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zhangrongrong1, REN Aixia1, LIN Wen1, Noor Hafeez2, WANG Wenxiang1, LI Lei1, ZHAO Qingling1, Gao Zhiqiang1, SUN Min1
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1.Shanxi Agricultural University;2.Shanxi Angriculture University
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of the experiments is to clarify the differences in nitrogen uptake and utilization of different nitrogen-responsive winter wheat varieties in response to nitrogen fertilizer, and explore the high-efficiency and high-yield potential of winter wheat varieties in the wheat region of loess Plateau.【method】A experiment was conducted at the Agricultural University, Taigu China. During winter wheat season 09/2018 and 07/2019 in which six winter wheat, i.e. Liangxing 99, Hanmai 13, Shannong 22, Liangxing 77, Yannong 999 and Shannong 29 as main plots and two nitrogen level 150 kg?hm-2 and 270 kg?hm-2 as subplots, it analyzes the relationship between the yield and nitrogen efficiency in different nitrogen-responsive winter wheat varieties and clarify the differences of their mechanism.【Results】The six varieties were clustered into strong-responsive varieties (Shannong-29, Hanmai-13 and Yannnong-999) and weak-responsive varieties (Liangxing-77, Shannong-22 and Liangxing-99) winter wheat. Compared with the weak-responsive varieties, the strong-responsive varieties significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation in grains, the pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation, post-anthesis, grain yield and Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) increased by 18%-22% and 9%-12%, respectively, but significantly reduced the soil nitrate nitrogen content in 20-200 cm soil layer at mature. The weak-responsive varieties increased the nitrogen accumulation of all organ, but reduced the contribution to N in the grain, increased the pre-anthesis total plant and the pre-anthesis stem +sheath nitrogen translocation and its’ contribution to N in the grain, increased the soil nitrate nitrogen content in 20-200 cm soil layer at mature. Grain yield increased by 7.87%. Compared with 150 kg?hm-2, the nitrogen application amount of 270 kg?hm-2 of the strong-responsive varieties significantly decreased the nitrogen accumulation of stem + sheath and leaves at maturity and N absorption amount for producing 100 kg of grain, but increased the pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation and contribution to N in the grain, the post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation amount, the pre-anthesis stem +sheath and leaves nitrogen translocation amount and its contribution to N in the grain, meanwhile, its’ grain yield and N use efficiency significantly increased by 12% and 5%, respectively. N absorption amount for producing 100 kg of grain reduced, but not significant. In addition, different nitrogen application amount for the similar varieties, the yield, N use efficiency and N absorption amount for producing 100 kg of grain were more correlated with the pre-anthesis nitrogen translocation amount, and the correlation of the strong-responsive wheat varieties was higher than that of the weak-responsive wheat varieties. There was no significant correlation between N uptake efficiency, N production efficiency, plant nitrogen absorption and transportation.【Conclusion】In conclusion, the strong-responsive varieties have high yield, N use efficiency and a strong ability to transfer the accumulation of nitrogen in the organs to the grain, and the pre-anthesis stem + sheath and leaves nitrogen translocation amount could be used as screening indicators for high nitrogen-efficient varieties. Compared with 150 kg?hm-2, the nitrogen application amount of 270 kg?hm-2 promoted the yield and N use efficiency of strong-responsive varieties significantly, ensuring high yield and efficiency. |
| Key words: nitrogen-responsive; winter wheat; varieties; nitrate nitrogen; nitrogen uptake and utilization; yield. |
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