| 引用本文: | 高晓丽,马娟娟,贾雨蕊,等.晋北谷子耗水规律和水分高效利用研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| GAO Xiao-li,Ma Juan-juan,Jia Yu-rui,et al.晋北谷子耗水规律和水分高效利用研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】阐明晋北地区谷子的耗水规律和水分高效利用模式，为实现晋北地区农业的节水高产提供指导。【方法】以晋谷―53号谷子为研究对象，在拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期分别进行轻度、中度和重度的水分胁迫灌溉试验，拔节期的灌溉下限分别为田间持水率的64.2%（W1、W2、W3）、50.9%（W4、W5、W6）和40.0%（W7、W8、W9），抽穗期的灌溉下限分别为田间持水率的73.6%（W1、W4、W7）、62.3%（W2、W5、W8）和50.9%（W3、W6、W9），灌浆期的灌溉下限分别为田间持水率的68.0%（W1、W6、W8）、57.0%（W2、W4、W9）和45.0%（W3、W5、W7），3个阶段的灌溉上限均为田间持水率的90.0%，研究了不同水分亏缺模式谷子的耗水规律和水分生产效率。【结果】谷子的全生育期耗水量在177.96～454.87 mm之间，各生育阶段耗水量和耗水模数呈现为先增大后减小的规律，依次为拔节期/抽穗期>苗期>灌浆期>成熟期，耗水强度表现为抽穗期>拔节期>灌浆期>成熟期>苗期；水分生产效率较高的灌水处理谷子作物系数在0.65～0.78之间；水分生产效率最高的W4处理在苗期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期的作物耗水系数分别为0.27、0.68、2.10、0.51和0.42；谷子各生育阶段的水分敏感指数依次为抽穗期>拔节期>灌浆期；谷子最优灌溉模式是在拔节期和抽穗期分别进行中度和轻度组合的水分胁迫，可将谷子的水分生产效率提高至1.56～1.57 kg/m3。【结论】晋北地区应在拔节期进行适当的补充灌溉，使谷子农田土壤含水率不低于50.9%的田间持水率。 |
| 关键词: 谷子；水分亏缺；耗水量；作物系数；水分生产效率；水分敏感指数 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S152.7 |
| 基金项目:有机旱作山西省重点实验室开放基金(201805D111015-3)；土壤环境与养分资源山西省重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2017002)；国家自然科学(51579168) |
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| Study on Water Consumption Law and Water High-Use Efficiency Utilization of Millet in the North Region of Shanxi Province |
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GAO Xiao-li1, Ma Juan-juan2, Jia Yu-rui2, Liu En-ke1, SONG Lu-lu2
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1.Dryland Agriculture Research Center of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan;2.College of Water Resources Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan
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| Abstract: |
| Due to the unique and strong tolerance against drought, millet is considered as an important crop to make full use of climate resources, optimize crop planting structure and develop water-saving agriculture in Shanxi Province. However, the less rainfall in millet planting areas lead to the plant method of rain-fed. The yield of millet is greatly affected by soil water deficit. The serious yield reduction of millet occurs especially in dry years. There are few systematic studies on the effects of different degrees of water deficit at different growth stages on water consumption and water production efficiency of millet. Therefore, it has a great guiding significance to clarify the water consumption law and characteristics of millet for realizing water saving and high yield of agriculture in the north region of Shanxi.【Objective】To illustrate the water consumption law and the mode of water saving and high yield of millet in the north region of Shanxi.【Method】The millet irrigation experiment with Jingu-53 were conducted. The irrigation experiment were set with mild, moderate, and moderate water stress at more sensitive stage of jointing stage, heading stage and filling stage, respectively. The lower irrigation limits at the jointing stage were 64.2%(W1、W2、W3)、50.9%(W4、W5、W6) and 40.0%(W7、W8、W9) of soil field capacity, respectively. The lower irrigation limits at the heading stage were 73.6%(W1、W4、W7)、62.3% (W2、W5、W8)and 50.9% (W3、W6、W9)of soil field capacity, respectively. The lower irrigation limits at the filling stage were 68.0%(W1、W6、W8)、57.0%(W2、W4、W9) and 45.0%(W3、W5、W7) of soil field capacity, respectively. The upper limit of irrigation for the three stages were 90.0% of soil field capacity. The water consumption law and water production efficiency of millet with different water deficit models were studied. 【Result】(1) The water consumption amount during the whole growth period of millet under different water deficit treatments ranged from 177.96 to 454.87 mm. The water consumption amount and water consumption modulus at each growing stage were in sequence of jointing stage / heading stage > seedling stage > filling stage > mature period, which increased at the first and then decreased. And the water requirement intensity obeyed the law of heading stage > joining stage > filling stage > mature period > seedling stage. (2) The crop coefficient of millet for irrigation treatments with higher water use efficiency were between 0.65 and 0.78. The crop coefficients of W4 treatment with the highest water productivity under moderate water stress at the seedling stage, jointing stage, heading stage, filling stage and mature period were 0.27, 0.68, 2.10, 0.51 and 0.42, respectively. (3) Water sensitivity index of millet at different growth stages were heading stage, followed by jointing stage and then filling stage. The water productivity of millet reached up to 1.56～1.57 kg/m3 under combination of moderate water stress at the jointing and slight water stress at the heading stages. 【Conclusion】To ensure higher water use efficiency of millet, proper supplementary irrigation should be carried out and the soil moisture of the millet field need more than 50.9% of soil field capacity during the jointing period in the north region of Shanxi. |
| Key words: millet; water deficit; water consumption; crop coefficient; water use efficiency (WUE); water sensitivity index. |
