| 引用本文: | 苏寒,王金涛,董心亮,等.不同浓度咸水灌溉对冬小麦产量和生理生化特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| Su Han,Wang Jintao,Dong Xinliang,et al.不同浓度咸水灌溉对冬小麦产量和生理生化特性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 不同浓度咸水灌溉对冬小麦产量和生理生化特性的影响 |
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苏寒, 王金涛, 董心亮, 陈佩, 孙蕊, 刘小京, 孙宏勇
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中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨不同浓度咸水灌溉对冬小麦产量特征、生长和生理生化特性的影响，确定适宜灌溉冬小麦的咸水阈值，并通过相关性分析确定不同浓度咸水灌溉下影响冬小麦产量的生长和生理生化指标。【方法】旱棚桶栽试验设置2个冬小麦品种：石麦22（SM22）和小偃60（XY60），以及4个冬小麦咸水灌溉浓度：1 g/L（Q1）、3 g/L（Q2）、5 g/L（Q3）和7 g/L（Q4），研究不同浓度咸水灌溉下冬小麦产量特征、生长和灌浆期生理生化特性。【结果】2个冬小麦品种在不同浓度咸水灌溉下产量变化趋势一致，但是减产的程度不同。与1g/L灌水处理相比，3、5 和7 g/L咸水灌溉下石麦22的减产率分别为3.23%、24.19%和51.61%，小偃60的减产率分别为9.88%、35.80%和51.85%。随咸水浓度的增加，小麦产量要素（穗数和千粒重）、生长性状（株高、旗叶叶面积、地上生物量和根生物量）、生理性状（旗叶气孔导度、蒸腾速率、净光合速率和叶绿素SPAD）、生化性状（叶K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+和Mg2+/Na+）显著下降，而小麦叶脯氨酸和Na+含量显著增加。不同浓度咸水灌溉下，产量与千粒重（r=0.991，P<0.001）、株高（r=0.955，P<0.01）、地上部生物量（r=0.961，P<0.01）、根生物量（r=0.835，P<0.05）、叶绿素SPAD值（r=0.943，P<0.01）以及K+/Na+（r=0.908，P<0.05）呈显著正相关，与脯氨酸含量（r=-0.838，P<0.05）以及Na+含量（r=-0.861，P<0.05）呈显著负相关。【结论】不同浓度咸水灌溉下，不同冬小麦品种产量、生长和灌浆期生理生化表现趋势一致。3g/L咸水灌溉对桶栽小麦产量影响不显著，其为咸水灌溉的阈值。不同浓度咸水灌溉下，产量三要素中千粒重是影响小麦产量的最主要因素；株高和生物量是影响小麦产量的主要生长指标，旗叶叶绿素SPAD值是影响小麦产量的主要生理指标，叶脯氨酸含量、Na+含量以及K+/Na+是影响小麦产量的生化指标。 |
| 关键词: 咸水灌溉; 冬小麦; 产量;生理生化特性;耐盐阈值 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S512.1 |
| 基金项目:河北省优秀青年科学基金（D2019503071）; 河北省重点研发计划项目（19227309D）; 河北省农林科学院创新工程项目（2019-2-6-3） |
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| Effects of Different Irrigation Water Salinities on Winter Wheat Yield, Physiological and Biochemical Traits |
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Su Han, Wang Jintao, Dong Xinliang, Chen Pei, Sun Rui, Liu Xiaojing, Sun Hongyong
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Center for Agricultural Resources Research, IGDB, CAS
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The purpose of the study is to explore the effects of different irrigation water salinities on winter wheat yield, growth, physiological and biochemical traits, and to determine the appropriate irrigation water salinity threshold of winter wheat. The correlation analysis was conducted to find out the important growth, physiological and biochemical indexes related to wheat yield under saline water irrigation.【Method】To research the effects of saline water irrigation on wheat yield, growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics, winter wheat (‘SM22’ and ‘XY60’) were applied as experimental materials and cultivated in the bucket pot, irrigation water salinity were 4 levels with 1 g/L(Q1), 3 g/L(Q2), 5 g/L(Q3) and 7 g/L(Q4).【Result】Results showed that under different irrigation water salinities, yield decreasing tendency of two wheat varieties were the same, but wheat yield decreasing level was different between ‘SM22’ and ‘XY60’ .Compared with irrigation water salinity of 1 g/L, yield decreasing rate of ‘SM22’ were 3.23%、24.19% and 51.61% under irrigation water salinity of 3, 5 and 7 g/L, and yield decreasing rate of ‘XY60’ were 9.88%、35.80% and 51.85% under irrigation water salinity of 3, 5 and 7 g/L. With the increase of irrigation water salinity, wheat yield traits (spike number and 1000-kernel weight), growth traits (plant height, flag leaf area, aboveground biomass and root biomass), physiological traits (stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, net photosynthesis rate and chlorophyll content (SPAD) of flag leaf during grain-filling period) and biochemical traits (leaf K+/Na+、Ca2+/Na+ and Mg2+/Na+ during grain-filling period) significantly decreased, yet leaf proline content and Na+ content significantly increased during grain-filling period. Under saline water irrigation, wheat yield was significantly and positively correlated with 1000-kernel weight and grain yield (r=0.991, P<0.001), plant height (r=0.955, P<0.01), aboveground biomass (r=0.961, P<0.01), root biomass (r=0.835, P<0.05), flag leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) (r=0.943, P<0.01),and leaf K+/Na+ (r=0.908, P<0.05), and wheat yield was significantly and negatively correlated with leaf proline content (r=-0.838, P<0.05) and Na+ content (r=-0.861, P<0.05).【Conclusion】The yield, growth, physiological and biochemical performance (grain-filling period) of two wheat varieties were the same under different irrigation water salinities. Bucket wheat yield under 3 g/L irrigation water salinity was not significantly different from which under control, the irrigation water salinity threshold of winter wheat was 3 g/L. Under saline water irrigation, 1000-kernel weight was the most important factor affecting wheat yield among three yield components. Plant height, aboveground biomass and root biomass were the important growth traits affecting wheat yield. Flag leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) was the main physiological trait affecting wheat yield. Leaf proline content, Na+ content and K+/Na+ were the important biochemical traits affecting wheat yield. |
| Key words: saline water irrigation; winter wheat; wheat yield; physiological and biochemical traits; irrigation water salinity threshold |
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