| 引用本文: | 张彦,梁志杰,李平,等.黄河干流及主要支流水质时空差异性及其变化特征研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| ZHANG Yan,LIANG Zhijie,LI Ping,et al.黄河干流及主要支流水质时空差异性及其变化特征研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】了解黄河流域水环境状况可为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供依据。【方法】选取黄河干流及主要支流湟水、渭河和汾河12个水质监测断面和4项水质指标pH值、溶解氧（DO）、高锰酸盐指数（CODMn）和氨氮（NH3-N），并利用多元统计方法分析了水质时空差异性及其变化特征，同时引入水污染指数法（WPI）对整体的水环境状况进行评估分析。【结果】黄河干流水质状况最好，湟水和渭河水质状况次之，汾河水质状况最差，且水质指标在空间和时间上均呈现显著的差异性；监测断面海东民和桥、渭南潼关吊桥和运城河津大桥的WPI值达到IV类及以上水质标准的频率较高，分别为66.30%、98.91%和78.26%；各监测断面在春季和冬季的水质状况较差，而夏季和秋季水质状况相对较好。各监测断面的WPI值均呈现下降趋势，其中海东民和桥、中卫新墩和天水牛背等3个监测断面的下降趋势比较显著；基于WPI指数的时空聚类分析结果与水体污染物浓度的时空分布情况具有一致性，空间上海东民和桥、渭南潼关吊桥和运城河津大桥WPI值的波动性相对较大，时间上1—3月的WPI值波动性相对较大。【结论】黄河干流及主要支流水质状况具有明显的时空差异性，但整体上水环境条件正在逐渐改善。 |
| 关键词: 黄河；时空差异性；变化特征；水污染指数；聚类分析 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:X824 |
| 基金项目:河南省自然科学基金项目（212300410310）；国家重点研发计划项目子课题（2017YFD0800403）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（FIRI20210105，FIRI2017-11）；国家自然科学基金项目（51879239） |
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| Research on the Temporal and Spatial Differences and Variation Characteristics of Water Quality in the Yellow River Trunk and Major Tributaries |
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ZHANG Yan1, LIANG Zhijie1, LI Ping1, DOU Ming2,3, HUANG Zhongdong1, QI Xuebin1, GAO Qing1
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1.Institute of Farmland Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences;2.School of Water Conservancy Engineering,Zhengzhou University;3.School of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】 The Yellow River Basin has abundant water resources and plays an important position in our country's economic and social development and ecological security. In 2019, President Xi Jinping stressed the importance of strengthening the protection of ecological environment, promoting the intensive utilization of water resources and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin. With the rapid development of economy and society along the Yellow River and the influence of human activities, the changes of water resources and water environment have seriously restricted the development of industry and agriculture in the Yellow River Basin. The water ecological environment of the Yellow River Basin is affected by many factors, and river water pollutants are significantly different at different spatial and temporal scales. The analysis of the time and space distribution and analysis of the Yellow River water pollutants is of great significance to the identification and management of river water quality. 【Objective】The Yellow River Basin is an important industrial and agricultural development region, and the environmental conditions of water resources are one of the main factors that restrict the economic and social development. Understanding the water environment can provide a basis for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. 【Method】The twelve water quality monitoring sections of the main stream of the Yellow River and its tributaries Huangshui River, Weihe River and Fenhe River and four water quality indexes were selected, such as pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), permanganate index (CODMn), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and the temporal and spatial differences and variation characteristics of water quality in the Yellow River Trunk and Major Tributaries are analyzed by the multivariate statistical methods, and the introduction of the water pollution index method to assess the water environment of the Yellow River Basin. 【Result】The results showed that the water quality was the best in the main stream of Yellow River, followed in the Huangshui River and Weihe River, and the water quality was the worst in the Fenhe River, and the water quality indexes showed significant differences in space and time. The WPI values of the Minhe Bridge in Haidong, Weinan Tongguan Suspension Bridge and Yuncheng Hejin Bridge reached the water quality standards of Class IV and above more frequently (66.30%, 98.91% and 78.62%, respectively). The water quality of each monitoring section was poor in spring and winter, while that was relatively good in summer and autumn. The WPI values of each monitoring section presented a decreasing trend, which the decreasing trends of the Minhe Bridge in Haidong, Zhongwei Xintun and Tianshui Niubei were relatively significant. The results of spatiotemporal cluster analysis based on WPI index were consistent with the spatiotemporal distribution of water pollutant concentrations, the fluctuations of the WPI values in the Minhe Bridge in Haidong, Weinan Tongguan Suspension Bridge and Yuncheng Hejin Bridge are relatively large, and the fluctuations of the WPI values are relatively large in January to March. 【Conclusion】The water quality of the Yellow River Trunk and Major Tributaries has obvious temporal and spatial differences, but the overall water environmental conditions are gradually improving. |
| Key words: Yellow River; Temporal and spatial difference; Variation characteristics; Water pollution index; Cluster analysis |
