| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究2000-2018年黄淮海地区日降雨资料，对农作物受短时强降水造成的涝渍灾害进行分析，为该地区排涝工程提供理论依据。【方法】采用黄淮海地区主要城市近20年的降水量（2000-2018年），选取历年连续三日最大降雨，分析了农田排水的径流，并进行了涝区类型分区。【结果】分区的重要因子为：暴雨量、历时长、雨前的无雨天数。根据分区参数计算，可划分了三等次：>0.78、0.78-0.45、<0.45。一是强暴雨型涝区，包括河北、河南两省，参数分别为0.78、0.87；二是近海型涝区，包括山东、安徽两省，参数分别为0.45、0.46；三是干旱型涝区，包括山西省，参数为0.41。涝灾面积、产量与每年最大连续3日降雨相关，随降雨而波动强暴雨型与近海型不同省份涝灾对玉米产量影响幅度不同。区域除涝工程面积比重大的，玉米产量变化较小。【结论】涝灾排水治理标准应由5年一遇提高到10-20年一遇；对于蔬菜及保护地应大于20年一遇。 |
| 关键词: 黄淮海平原；径流分析；玉米产量；排涝模数 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S665.1 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Study on Flooding Areas Classification and Drainage Control in the HuangHuaiHai Plain |
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qinanzhen
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Institute of Farmland Irrigation, CAAS
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】HuangHuaiHai Plain is an important grain production base in China. However, crops in this area are often affected by the form of short-term heavy rainfall in summer, which is easy to cause waterlogging disaster in a short time. The objective is to solve the above problems and provide a theoretical basis for the drainage project in the HuangHuaiHai area.【Method】This paper collected the precipitation of the main cities in the area in the past two decades (2000-2018), and selected the maximum rainfall for three consecutive days over the years for runoff analysis of farmland drainage.【Result】Major factors determining the division of flooding areas are: rainstorm size, duration and the number of days without rain before rain. The calculation results of partition parameters are divided into three grades: > 0.78, 0.78-0.45, < 0.45. The first is rainstorm type water-logging area, including Hebei Province and Henan Province, with parameters of 0.78 and 0.87; the second is coastal type water-logging area, including Shandong Province and Anhui Province, with parameters of 0.45 and 0.46; the third is drought type water-logging area, including Shanxi Province, with parameters of 0.41. Water-logging area and yield are related to the maximum continuous three-day rainfall every year. The impact of Water-logging on corn yield varies with the rainfall in different provinces, such as rainstorm type and coastal type.【Conclusion】The flood control standard should be raised from once in 5 years to once in 10-20 years; for vegetables and protected areas, it should be greater than once in 20 years. |
| Key words: HuangHuaiHai Plain; Runoff analysis; Maize yield; Precipitation frequency |
