| 摘要: |
| 【目的】研究灌水量和种植密度对洋葱生物量和养分吸收利用的影响，揭示干热河谷水分和密度管理模式的洋葱营养策略和节水减肥增产增效机制。【方法】以洋葱为研究对象，研究了不同灌水量（I1 7000m3?hm-2、I2 4550m3?hm-2、I3 3300m3?hm-2）和种植密度（D1 22.12万株?hm-2、D2 11.88万株?hm-2）的洋葱生物量、抽薹率、养分吸收效率、养分利用效率、养分收获指数及水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。【结果】结果表明：灌水量对洋葱WUE和养分吸收利用效率有显著影响，I1处理洋葱具有最高的P、K、Mg吸收效率，I3处理洋葱具有最高的P、K、Mg利用效率和水分利用效率优势。种植密度对洋葱生物量、抽薹率和养分吸收利用效率有显著影响，D1处理洋葱具有最高N、P、Mg吸收效率；D2处理洋葱具有最高的N、P、Mg利用效率和生物量优势，抽薹率显著最低。灌水量与种植密度对洋葱生物量、抽薹率、WUE、养分吸收利用效率及收获指数有明显互作效应；I1D1处理洋葱P、K、Ca、Mg吸收效率显著最高；I3D2处理洋葱WUE、N、P、K收获指数和Mg利用效率显著最高，抽薹率显著最低；I3D2主成分分析综合得分最高，I1D1次之。【结论】这表明，干热河谷洋葱最佳灌水量和种植密度为I3D2和I1D1，若以节水减肥增产增效为前提，提高水肥利用效率，降低抽薹率，则选择I3D2。相关性分析显示，洋葱抽薹率与K收获指数显著负相关，生物量、经济产量、WUE与N利用效率和N收获指数显著正相关性，P、K吸收效率与Mg吸收效率显著正相关，P、Ca利用效率与Mg利用效率显著正相关，N、K收获指数与Mg收获指数显著正相关。该研究结果可以为干热河谷灌区洋葱节水高效农业发展提供科学支撑与技术参考。 |
| 关键词: 灌水量；种植密度；生物量；养分吸收利用；干热河谷 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:Q945.79 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effects of irrigation amount and planting density on biomass and nutrient absorption and utilization of onion in an arid hot valley |
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lijiancha, Fang haidong
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Institute of Tropical Eco⁃agricultural Sciences，Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The biomass and nutrient absorption and utilization effects of irrigation amount and planting density were studied, in order to reveal the onion nutrition strategy of water and density management model and the mechanism of water saving, fertilizer reduction, yield increase and efficiency enhancement. 【Method】A field experiment was conducted for onion. Irrigation amount for I1 7000m3?hm-2, I2 4550m3?hm-2, I3 3300m3?hm-2 and planting density for D1 221200 plants?hm-2, D2 118800 plants?hm-2 were setup at the same time. Onion biomass, bolting percentage, nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency, harvest indices and WUE were investigated. 【Result】The results showed that irrigation amount treatments had significant effect on WUE, nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency. Onion P absorption efficiency, K absorption efficiency, Mg absorption efficiency were highest under I1 treatment. Onion P utilization efficiency, K utilization efficiency, Mg utilization efficiency and WUE were highest under I3 treatment. Planting density significantly affected onion biomass, bolting percentage, nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency. Onion N absorption efficiency, P absorption efficiency, Mg absorption efficiency were highest under D1 treatment. Onion N utilization efficiency, P utilization efficiency, Mg utilization efficiency were highest under D2 treatment. Onion had significant individual biomass advantage and lowest bolting percentage under D2 treatment. There were significant interactions between irrigation amount and planting density factors for onion biomass, bolting percentage, WUE, nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency, harvest indices. Onion P absorption efficiency, K absorption efficiency, Ca absorption efficiency, Mg absorption efficiency were significant highest under I1D1 treatment. Onion had significant highest N harvest indices, P harvest indices, K harvest indices, WUE and Mg utilization efficiency I1D1 treatment. I3D2 had the highest comprehensive score in principal component analysis, I1D1 was the second. 【Conclusion】This suggested that the optimal irrigation amount and planting density of Onions are I3D2 and I1D1in an arid hot valley. If water saving, fertilizer reduction, production increase and efficiency enhancement are taken as the premise, to improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and reduce the bolting rate, I3D2 is selected. Onion bolting percentage was negatively correlated with K harvest indices. There were significant positive correlation among onion biomass, yield, WUE, and N utilization efficiency and N harvest indices.Onion P absorption and K absorption were positively correlated with Mg absorption efficiency. Onion P utilization efficiency and Ca utilization efficiency were positively correlated with Mg utilization efficiency. Onion N harvest indices and K harvest indices were positively correlated with Mg harvest indices.The research results can provide scientific support and technical reference for onion water-saving and efficient agriculture development in an arid hot valley irrigated area. |
| Key words: irrigation amount; planting density; biomass; nutrient absorption and utilization; an arid hot valley |
