| 引用本文: | 索滢,孟彤彤,马海峰,等.水联网智慧灌区节水灌溉技术综合水效率评价研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| SUO Ying,MENG Tong-tong,MA Haifeng,et al.水联网智慧灌区节水灌溉技术综合水效率评价研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】针对节水灌溉规模化推广遇到的问题，构建适应现阶段发展的综合水效率评价体系。【方法】文献调研、内涵分析、知识管理重构结合，从技术水平、经济社会、生态环保三个维度，提出了精量性、经济性、智能性、生态性、低碳性5个方面的节水灌溉综合水效率评价指标体系。精量性包括灌溉水有效利用系数、灌水均匀度、量水技术推广率；经济性包括增产率、投资回收年限、水费收缴率；智能性包括运行管理便利、土壤墒情监测率、水源风险适应性；生态性包括植被覆盖、土壤盐碱化改善、地表、地下水改善；低碳性包括节能、节地。【结果】用层次分析法评价了甘宁青三省（区）万亩级水联网节水灌溉示范区综合水效率，青海光伏提水与微灌技术结合可实现灌区无人值守，极大提高管理效率，保证灌溉效果；甘肃宁夏测控一体化闸门应用显著提升了灌水可控性和计量可靠性，降低能耗、节省劳力，提高了灌溉水费缴纳率；由物理水网、信息水网和决策水网构成的水联网灌区，控制了水源风险、实现了灌溉制度的优化、提升了作物产量，是未来智慧水利的发展方向。【结论】在智慧水利发展与新基建建设的背景下，需要建立农田灌溉系统从源头到田间的综合评价体系。提升灌区数字化监测、智能化控制、精准化调度水平是提升灌区综合水效率的主导因素。 |
| 关键词: 节水灌溉;综合水效率;中国西北地区;层次分析法;智慧灌区 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275 |
| 基金项目:国家十三五重点研发计划项目 |
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| Evaluation Study on Comprehensive Water Efficiency of Water Saving Irrigation Technology in Internet Water Smart Irrigation Area |
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SUO Ying1, MENG Tong-tong2, MA Haifeng3, LIU De-jun4, WANG Zhong-jing1
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1.Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University;2.Gansu Research Institute for Water Conservancy;3.Ningxia Institute of Water Research;4.Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research of Qinghai Province
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Aiming at the problems encountered in the large-scale promotion of water-saving irrigation, construct a comprehensive water efficiency evaluation system suitable for the current development.【Method】A comprehensive water efficiency evaluation index system from three aspects of technical level, economic and social, ecological and environmental protection for water-saving irrigation in terms of precision, economy, intelligence, ecology, and low-carbon is constructed by combining literature research, content analysis, and knowledge management reconstruction. Precision includes the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water, the uniformity of irrigation water, and water measurement technology promotion rate; Economy includes the rate of yield increase, investment recovery period, water fee collection rate; Intelligence includes the convenience of operation and management, the prevalence of soil moisture monitoring and the adaptability of water source risk; Ecological properties include the degree of vegetation cover, soil salinization improvement degree, surface and groundwater improvement degree; Low-carbon includes energy saving and land saving.【Result】The comprehensive water efficiency of the 10,000-mu level water-saving irrigation demonstration area in the three provinces (regions) of Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai was evaluated by the analytic hierarchy process. The combination of photovoltaic water lifting and micro-irrigation technology can realize unattended irrigation areas, which greatly improves management efficiency and ensures irrigation effect; The application of measurement and control integrated gate in Gansu and Ningxia significantly improves irrigation measurement accuracy, reduces energy consumption, saves labor, and increases irrigation water bill payment rate; The water networked irrigation district composed of physical water network, information water network and decision water network can controls the risk of water supply, optimizes the irrigation system, improves crop yield and is the future direction of intelligent water conservation.【Conclusion】In the context of smart water development and new infrastructure construction, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive evaluation system of agricultural irrigation system from source to impact. Improving the level of digital monitoring, intelligent control and precise scheduling of irrigation districts is the leading factor in improving the comprehensive water efficiency of irrigation districts. |
| Key words: Water-saving irrigation; Integrated water efficiency; Northwest China; Hierarchical Analysis; Smart irrigation area |
