| 引用本文: | 代丽萍,史海滨,苗庆丰,等.水药耦合对盐渍化灌区玉米生长与产量品质的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| Dai Liping,SHI Haibin,MIAO Qingfeng,et al.水药耦合对盐渍化灌区玉米生长与产量品质的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 水药耦合对盐渍化灌区玉米生长与产量品质的影响研究 |
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代丽萍,史海滨,苗庆丰,等
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1.内蒙古农业大学 水利与土木建筑工程学院;2.高效节水技术装备与水土环境效应内蒙古自治区工程研究中心
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为了探讨玉米生育期内灌水量与农药对作物生育指标和玉米产量和品质的影响,制定河套灌区发展绿色农业的灌溉制度和施药水平,解决河套灌区土壤盐渍化严重和农药利用率低等问题。【方法】采用蒸渗仪指导测坑灌溉,通过不同水药处理：(1)同一施药量P2(当地施药量125mL/亩减少30%),设置3个灌溉水平W1(0.8ET)、W2(1.0ET)、W3(1.2ET),(2)同一灌溉定额(1.0ET),设置3个施药量P1(当地施药量125mL/亩减少10%)、P2、P0(人工除草)。【结果】结果表明：24%烟嘧.莠去津施药量为P2、P1处理时各处理叶片的叶绿素相对含量值(SPAD)在施药后由于胁迫均产生短时间的下降,大约施药9d后可恢复正常水平。P2处理与对照组P0相比,百粒重、干物质、产量仅减少了1.2%、3.8%、1.7%,减少不明显且无显著性差异(p>0.05)。与W1相比,W2的百粒重、干物质、产量增加了5.0%、35.1%、19.0%且有显著性差异(p<0.05)。各处理在玉米籽粒中农药残留均低于国家标准,莠去津在成熟玉米籽粒中的残留量大致相同；而W1P2、W2P2、W3P2、P1W2处理烟嘧磺隆的残留量分别为87.83、42.76、37.86、21.82μg/kg,与施药量呈正相关,与灌溉定额呈负相关。控药各处理的水分利用效率(WUE) P2>P0>P1,P2与P0处理无显著性差异(p>0.05)。控水各处理的水分利用效率(WUE)W2>W1>W3处理,W2与W1、W3均有显著性差异(p>0.05)。与当地灌溉水平(约400mm)相比,W2处理节水16.9%,节水效果明显。【结论】以节水减药和减少资源浪费为目的W2P2处理为适合当地发展绿色农业和减少资源浪费的最优生产模式。 |
| 关键词: 蒸渗仪;测坑试验;除草剂;24%烟嘧.莠去津;玉米产量;盐渍化灌区 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S274.1 |
| 基金项目:：国家自然科学(51769024,51879132)内蒙古水利科技重大专项(nsk2018-M5) |
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| Effects of Different Water and Herbicide Treatments on Maize Growth and Yield Quality in Salinized Irrigation District |
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Dai Liping1, SHI Haibin1,2,3,2, MIAO Qingfeng1, LIU Meihan1, SUN Wei1, FENG Zhuangzhuang1
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1.School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University;2.China;3.High-efficiency Water-saving Technology and Equipment and Water and Soil Environmental Effects Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to explore the effects of irrigation water and pesticides on crop growth indicators and maize yield and quality during the growth period of maize, formulate the irrigation system and pesticide application level for the development of green agriculture in the Hetao Irrigation District, and solve the serious soil salinization and pesticide use in the Hetao Irrigation District low rate and other issues.【Method】The lysimeter was used to guide the pits irrigation and treated with different water medicines: (1) The same application rate P2 (local application rate of 125mL/667m2 reduced by 30%), 3 irrigation levels W1 (0.8ET), W2 (1.0ET), W3 (1.2ET), (2) the same irrigation quota (1.0ET), set 3 application rates P1 (local application rate 125mL/667m2 reduced by 10%), P2, P0 (manual weeding) .【Result】The results showed that the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of the leaves of each treatment when the 24% Nicotin.Atrazine application rate was P2 and P1 treatments decreased for a short time due to stress after the application. The normal level can be restored after 9d. Compared with the control group P0, P2 treatment reduced 100-seed weight, dry matter, and yield by only 1.2%, 3.8%, and 1.7%, the reduction was not significant and there was no significant difference (p>0.05). Compared with W1, the 100-seed weight, dry matter, and yield of W2 increased by 5.0%, 35.1%, and 19.0%, with significant differences (p<0.05). The pesticide residues in maize kernels of all treatments were lower than the national standards, and the residues of atrazine in mature maize kernels were about the same; while the residues of nicosulfuron in W1P2, W2P2, W3P2, and P1W2 treatments were 87.83, 42.76, respectively. 37.86 and 21.82μg/kg, which are positively correlated with the application amount, and negatively correlated with the irrigation quota. The water use efficiency (WUE) of each treatment of the control drug was P2>P0>P1, and there was no significant difference between P2 and P0 treatments (p>0.05). The water use efficiency (WUE) of each treatment of water control was W2>W1>W3, and W2 was significantly different from W1 and W3 (p>0.05). Compared with the local irrigation level (approximately 400mm), W2 treatment saves 16.9% of water, and the water saving effect is obvious【Conclusion】W2P2 processing for the purpose of saving water, reducing medicines and reducing resource waste is the optimal production mode suitable for local development of green agriculture and reducing resource waste. |
| Key words: lysimeters; test-pits experiment; herbicide; 24% Nicosulfuron Atrazine; maize yield; salinized irrigation district |
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