| 引用本文: | 姚宝林,孙三民,李发永,等.潜水蒸发条件下棉秆隔层埋深对土壤盐分时空分布的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| YAO Bao-Lin,SUN San-Min,LI Fa-Yong,et al.潜水蒸发条件下棉秆隔层埋深对土壤盐分时空分布的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 潜水蒸发条件下棉秆隔层埋深对土壤盐分时空分布的影响 |
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姚宝林,孙三民,李发永,等
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塔里木大学水利与建筑工程学院
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为了探索南疆盐碱地设置棉秆隔层条件下潜水蒸发和土壤盐分时空分布规律,为南疆植棉盐碱地可持续利用和棉秆还田技术提供研究基础。【方法】以南疆膜下滴灌棉田盐渍化土壤为材料,采用室内土柱试验,开展不同地下水埋深(1.0m、1.5m和2.0m)与棉秆隔层埋深(15cm、30cm、45cm和60cm)两因素随机区组试验研究,取样分析土壤剖面盐分时空分布规律和积盐过程,通过方差分析和曲线回归明确地下水埋深、棉秆隔层和潜水累计蒸发量对土壤盐分时空分布特征。【结果】(1)累计蒸发量和日均蒸发强度均随地下水埋深的增加而减小,1.0m、1.5m和2.0m地下水埋深日均蒸发强度为1.73mm/d、1.12mm/d和0.49mm/d。棉秆隔层对土壤水分蒸发起到一定的抑制作用,以棉秆埋深15cm阻减蒸发作用明显,而棉秆埋深30cm累计蒸发量和蒸发强度均大于其他棉秆埋深。(2)潜水蒸发使盐分出现表聚,耕作层0-30cm盐分表聚量随地下水埋深增加而降低,1m、1.5m和2.0m地下水埋深耕作层0-30cm日均积盐量分别为0.031g/kg/d、0.012g/kg/d和0.004g/kg/d。棉秆隔层阻盐作用主要表现在前期,土壤15cm处设置棉秆隔层对0-30cm阻盐效果最好,地下水1.0m、1.5m和2.0m棉秆埋深15cm日均积盐量分别是棉秆埋深30cm、45cm、60cm的71.25%、87.15%和90.58%；41.91%、37.85%和34.90%；20.45%、26.63%和33.33%。(3)土壤积盐量随潜水累计蒸发量增加而增加。土壤积盐量与累计蒸发量关系可用对数函数描述,并且耕作层0-30cm土壤盐分与累计蒸发量拟合关系优于耕作层以下拟合关系。【结论】潜水累计蒸发量和蒸发强度随地下水埋深增加均减小；不同地下水埋深棉秆隔层设置在15cm对耕作层0-30cm阻盐效果最好；土壤积盐量随潜水累计蒸发量增加而增加；从减小盐分积累考虑,除在土壤15cm处秸秆还田设置秸秆隔层外也可选择其他棉秆埋设深度以达到降低盐分积累的效果。 |
| 关键词: 潜水蒸发;棉秆隔层;土壤盐分 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S152.72 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学“南疆棉秆深翻还田冻融过程土壤非饱和带水盐迁移机制研究”(51969028)。 |
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| Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil Salt for Cotton Straw Interlayer under Phreatic Evaporation Condition |
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YAO Bao-Lin1,2, SUN San-Min1,2, LI Fa-Yong1,2, LI Zhao-Yang1,2, WANG Xue-Cheng1,2
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1.College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering,Tarim University,Alaer,XinJiang,843300;2.China
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】The abundant cotton Straw in southern Xinjiang provides a guarantee for the technology of Cotton Straw returning to the field. The setting of soil interlayer has positive effect on restraining phreatic evaporation and soil salt accumulation, but there are few studies on the suitable depth of cotton straw under different phreatic depth, the evaporation law and salt-resisting effect of Straw interlayer on phreatic water need to be further studied.【Objective】In order to explore the temporal and spatial distribution of phreatic water evaporation and soil salinity under the condition of cotton straw interlayer in saline-alkali soil of southern Xinjiang. 【Method】the saline soil of cotton field under film drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang was used as material, laboratory soil column evaporation experiments were conducted to study salt movement on soil evaporation under different groundwater depths of 1.0m,1.5m,2.0m and cotton straw interlayer depth 15cm,30cm,45cm,60cm respectively. Determine salt temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and soil salt accumulation process under groundwater depth, interlayer of cotton straw condition. 【Result】The results showed that:1) The cumulative evaporation and the daily average evaporation intensity decrease with the increase of groundwater depth, The average daily evaporation intensities of 1.0m, 1.5m and 2.0m groundwater were 1.73 mm/d, 1.12 mm/d and 0.49 mm/d. The interlayer of cotton straw inhibited soil water evaporation to some extent, and the soil water evaporation was obviously reduced by 15cm depth of cotton straw, but the accumulative evaporation and evaporation intensity of 30cm depth of cotton straw were higher than other depths of cotton straw depth.2) The salinity of 0-30cm soil layer decreased with the increase of groundwater depth, while the salinity of soil layer decreased with the increase of groundwater depth, The average daily salt accumulation of 1.0m, 1.5m and 2.0m groundwater were 0.031g/kg/d,0.012g/kg/d and 0.004g/kg/d. The effect of interlayer of cotton straw was the best at the early stage. The interlayer of cotton straw at 15cm soil was the best at 0-30cm soil, The average daily salt accumulation of 1 m, 1.5 m and 2.0 m cotton straw at 15 cm depth is 71.25% , 87.15% and 90.58% , 41.91% , 37.85% and 34.90% , 20.45% , 26.63% and 33.33% , respectively.3) The relationship between soil salt accumulation and cumulative evaporation can be described by logarithmic function, and the fitting relationship between soil salt and cumulative evaporation at 0-30cm soil layer is better than that below the soil tillage layer. 【Conclusion】The accumulated evaporation and evaporation intensity of phreatic water decreased with the increase of ground water depth, the salt-resisting effect of 0-30cm tillage layer was best when cotton stalk interlayer was set at 15cm in different ground water depth, and the soil salt accumulation increased with the increase of accumulated evaporation of phreatic water In order to reduce the accumulation of salt, we can choose other depth of cotton stalk to reduce the accumulation of salt besides the straw interlayer at 15cm soil. |
| Key words: phreatic evaporation; cotton straw interlayer; soil salt content |
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