| 引用本文: | 张宝珠,王仰仁,李金玉,等.基于称重式蒸渗仪的春玉米蒸散量研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| ZHANG Baozhu,WANG Yangren,LI Jinyu,et al.基于称重式蒸渗仪的春玉米蒸散量研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】分析春玉米蒸散变化规律及建立产量与水分的关系，为山西省春玉米灌溉需水量的精准调控提供依据。【方法】利用山西省中心灌溉试验站称重式蒸渗仪在2019—2020年春玉米不同供水量条件下的蒸散发测定试验，共设置4个处理，分别为T1（灌5次水）、T2（6次）、T3（4次）、T4处理（2次），按照作物需水量确定灌水时间，灌水定额均为60 mm，每个处理配置1套称重式蒸渗仪，自动记录逐时土体水质量。利用水量平衡方法计算逐日蒸散量，分析蒸散变化规律，并利用相对腾发量为自变量的过程模型，建立产量与蒸散量之间的关系。【结果】发育中期日内蒸散强度较其他生育阶段蒸散强度大，受灌水的影响，灌溉定额越大，不同生育阶段的日内蒸散强度普遍增大，T2处理发育中期，13:00时蒸散量最大为0.44 mm/h，T4处理发育中期9:00时蒸散量最大为0.175 mm/h；灌水也会影响灌后几日蒸散量，灌水越多，蒸散量也越多，累计蒸散量也越大。春玉米生育期内蒸散作用主要集中在发育中期（播后的52~120 d），该时期日最大蒸散量：2019年和2020年分别为10.68 mm/d和7.27 mm/d，相应的蒸散量占全生育期蒸散量比例分别为75.7%和72.9%。以相对腾发量为自变量的过程模型对产量进行了模拟，率定了模型参数，拟合效果很好，相关系数R2值达到0.99以上，并利用文峪河2018—2020年春玉米的测试资料进行模型参数验证，相关系数R2达到0.94以上，表明率定的参数合理。【结论】基于蒸渗仪测定数据能更准确地确定产量与水分关系，此外，利用FAO推荐的作物系数法计算的蒸散量很好地反映了作物的潜在蒸散量。 |
| 关键词: 蒸渗仪；蒸散量；水量平衡；产量；相对腾发量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S274 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目( 51779174);山西水利科学技术研究与推广项目(201810、2019BZ003) ;水利部水利技术示范项目（SF-201908）。 |
|
| Research on Spring Maize Evapotranspiration based on weighing Lysimeter |
|
ZHANG Baozhu1,2,3,4, WANG Yangren1, LI Jinyu3, LIU Hongwu3, WU Chaobao3
|
|
1.School of Hydraulic Engineering,Tianjin Agricultural University;2.China;3.Shanxi Central Irrigation Test Station;4.Shanxi Province,China
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】According to the data of spring maize evapotranspiration measure by weighing lysimeter, the variation rule of spring maize evapotranspiration is analyzed and the relationship between yield and water is established, which provided the basis for accurate regulation of spring maize irrigation in Shanxi Province.【Method】The evapotranspiration test of two-year spring maize under different water supply conditions was carried out from 2019 to 2020 using the weighing lysimeter at the central irrigation test station of Shanxi Province. The experiment has 4 treatments, namely T1 (irrigation 5 times), T2 (6 times), T3 (4 times), T4 (2 times). The irrigation time is determined according to the crop water requirement, and the irrigation quota is 60 mm. Each treatment is equipped with a set of weighing lysimeter, and the soil water weigh is automatically recorded per hour. With the application of the principle of water balance, the daily evapotranspiration is calculated and the variation law of evapotranspiration is analyzed, then the relationship between yield and evapotranspiration is established based on the process model with relative evapotranspiration as independent variable.【Result】The results show that evapotranspiration intensity in the middle period of spring-maize growth is higher than that in the other growth stages. Affected by irrigation, the larger the irrigation quota, the greater the intra-day evapotranspiration intensity at different growth stages. For example, the T2 treatment, the maximum evapotranspiration is 0.44 mm/h at 13:00 pm, and the T4 treatment, the maximum evapotranspiration is 0.175 mm/h at 9:00 am, in the mid-development period. Irrigation also affects the evapotranspiration a few days after irrigation. The more irrigation, the more evapotranspiration, and the greater the cumulative evapotranspiration. The evapotranspiration of spring-maize is mainly concentrated in the middle growth stage (52-120 days after sowing), the maximum daily evapotranspiration in this period is respectively 10.68 mm/d in 2019 and 7.27 mm/d in 2020, in which period the corresponding proportion of evapotranspiration account for 75.7% and 72.9% of the whole growth period respectively. The process model with relative evapotranspiration as the independent variable simulates the yield, and the model parameters were calibrated, The results show the fitting effect is very good, the correlation coefficient R2 > 0.99. The model parameters were verified by using the test data of spring corn in Wenyu River from 2018 to 2020, and the correlation coefficient R2 is over 0.94, which indicated that the model parameters are reasonable.【Conclusion】The data obtained from lysimeter can more accurately determine the relationship between yield and water content, In addition, The evapotranspiration calculated using the crop coefficient method recommended by FAO reflects the potential evapotranspiration of the crop. |
| Key words: Lysimeter; Evapotranspiration; Water balance ; Yield; Relative evapotranspiration |
