| 引用本文: | 李江,苏明晓,姜洪喆,等.人工降雨设备在农田水文实验中的应用进展[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| LI Jiang,SU Ming-xiao,JIANG Hong-zhe,et al.人工降雨设备在农田水文实验中的应用进展[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】人工降雨设备是农田水文实验中的重要供水设备，为农田水文中降雨入渗、水土流失、溶质运移等研究提供了有效的降雨模拟手段，避免了天然降雨的不确定性，其供水准确性反映实验结果的准确性。为人工降雨设备在农田水文实验中更好地应用，本文对国内外人工降雨设备在农田水文实验中的应用进行了研究。【方法】从分类、原理以及应用领域等方面对国内外的人工降雨设备进行梳理、归纳、总结与展望，【结果】人工降雨设备主要分为针头式、悬线式、管网式与喷头式四类，其在农田水文学研究领域主要应用在土柱实验、土槽实验以及大田实验中，【结论】针头式人工降雨设备在土柱实验中应用较多，喷头式人工降雨设备在土槽实验和大田实验中应用最为广泛，管网式和悬线式人工降雨设备在农田水文相关实验中应用较少。研究内容涉及土壤入渗性能、溶质运移、土壤侵蚀、作物需水、水肥管理等。目前，学者们关于人工降雨设备在农水实验中的应用已取得了巨大的成就，但仍存在一些问题，如人为控制会造成不必要的误差，雨滴直径、强度等特性难以精确控制，实验设备的不便携性等问题，故今后人工降雨设备还有望进一步向广泛化、自动化、智能化、精准化和便携化发展。 |
| 关键词: 农田水文;模拟降雨;人工降雨设备 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S27 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目;江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助 |
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| Review of the artificial rainfall equipment application on agro-hydrological experiments |
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LI Jiang1, SU Ming-xiao1, JIANG Hong-zhe2, SHI Chuan-meng1
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1.College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University;2.College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Artificial rainfall equipment (ARE) is an important water supply equipment in agro-hydrological experiment, which can provide an effective rainfall simulation method for the research of rainfall infiltration, soil erosion and solute transport. The uncertainty of natural rainfall can be avoided by AREs, and the accuracies of experiment results can be reflected directly by the water supply accuracy of ARE. In order to make better use of artificial rainfall equipment in agro-hydrological experiment in the future, this study reviewed the application progress of ARE in agro-hydrological experiments. 【Method】The domestic and international AREs were sorted out, summarized and prospected from their classification, principle and characteristics. 【Result】There are mainly four types of ARE, i.e., needle-type ARE, suspension line type ARE, pipe network type ARE and sprinkler-type ARE. They are widely used in the soil column experiments, soil flume experiments and field experiments. 【Conclusion】 Needle-type AREs are widely used in soil column experiment,s sprinkler-type AREs are most widely used in soil flume experiments and field experiments. While pipe network type and suspension line type AREs are less applied on agro-hydrological research compared with the other two AREs. The research content involves infiltration performance, solute soil transportation, soil erosion, crop water requirement, water and fertilizer management, etc. At present, although scholars have made great achievements in farmland artificial rainfall equipment, there are still some problems, such as unnecessary errors caused by artificial control, difficulty in precise control of raindrop diameter and intensity, and inconvenience portability of experimental equipment. Therefore, ARE is expected to be further developed to be extensive, automatic, intelligent, precise and portable in the future. |
| Key words: agro-hydrology; rainfall simulation; artificial rainfall equipment |
