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引用本文:陈郁,张清涛,袁利兵,等.不同灌溉方式对旱区葡萄脯氨酸及渗透胁迫相关基因的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-.
Chenyu,Zhang Qingtao,Yuan Libing,et al.不同灌溉方式对旱区葡萄脯氨酸及渗透胁迫相关基因的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-.
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不同灌溉方式对旱区葡萄脯氨酸及渗透胁迫相关基因的影响
陈郁, 张清涛, 袁利兵, 陈拓, 陈晓宏
中山大学
摘要:
【目的】评估不同灌溉方式的适用性。【方法】以摩尔多瓦葡萄为试验材料,试验设置6个处理,分为2组。不同灌溉方式(灌溉水量相同),即常规沟灌(CK1)、滴灌(D)和超纤埋深渗灌(超纤埋深10 cm)(C);不同水分梯度的超纤表面渗灌(超纤渗灌装置放置土壤表面),即普通灌溉量(CK2);普通灌溉量的1/3(W1),低灌溉量;普通灌溉量的2/3(W2),中灌溉量。通过测量土壤含水量、叶水势、果实脯氨酸量、P5CS基因的相对表达量及产量,比较6个处理下的摩尔多瓦葡萄受旱情况及各种指标。【结果】不同灌溉方式下,CK1受旱时间最多,约占总时间的73%,C和D处理分别为67%和40%,同时,CK1脯氨酸量一直大于D处理,且产量、总用水效率及灌溉水利用效率均为C >D >CK1。不同水分梯度下,葡萄受旱情况差异不显著,另外,5次采样中,有4次W2处理脯氨酸量均明显高于CK2,且分别为CK2的1.5、1.1、1.1、1.8倍,且总用水效率及灌溉水利用效率均为W1 >W2 >CK2。不同灌溉方式下,D处理维持土壤含水率的能力最强,C处理土壤含水率适中的时间最多,且D和C处理水分利用效率均大于CK1,表明超纤埋深渗灌和滴灌都是较好的节水灌溉方式;不同水分梯度下,W1处理在某些阶段的P5CS基因相对表达量是6种处理中最高的,显示该处理下葡萄受到的水分胁迫较严重,但其产量和水分利用效率较高。【结论】因此,“超细纤维”渗灌在保持土壤有效含水量方面体现出了优越性和应用价值,是一种较优的灌溉方式。
关键词:  超纤渗灌;水分胁迫;摩尔多瓦;脯氨酸;P5CS;水分利用效率
DOI:
分类号:S562
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)
Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on Proline and Osmotic Stress Related Genes of Vitis vinifera L.cv. Moldova in Arid Region
Chenyu, Zhang Qingtao, Yuan Libing, Chen Tuo, Chen Xiaohong
SUN YAN-SEN University
Abstract:
【Objective】Drought has a significant impact on global ecosystems in the context of global climate change. While, the agricultural water use efficiency of China is about 43%. Martina proposed that if the irrigation water efficiency is moderately increased by 10%, that is, by 0.3% per year within 50 years, the urban surface water deficit can be reduced by about 2.618 billion m3, which can help 78% water-vulnerable cities and 236 million residents in the world. Therefore, it is important to improve irrigation efficiency.This study is aimed to evaluate the applicability of different irrigation methods by analysis and comparison the effects of "microfiber capillary core infiltration irrigation" (microfiber infiltration irrigation) and other regular irrigation methods on soil water content, leaf water potential, proline, osmotic stress-related gene expression and water use efficiency of Moldovan grapes under different irrigation methods and water gradient. 【Methods】As a new water-saving irrigation technology, ‘microfiber capillary infiltration irrigation’ (microfiber infiltration irrigation, MII), based on the principle of capillarity, supplies water to the root zone of plants through the infiltration irrigation device made of microfiber materials, so as to achieve the purpose of water-saving. ‘Microfiber’ material has excellent water absorption performance, so ‘microfiber infiltration irrigation’ would effectively improve water use efficiency and productivity. However, the effect of "microfiber infiltration irrigation" on proline and related genes in Moldovan grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Moldova) remains unknown. The experiment was conducted during the grape growing season from May to September in 2019, in Yuquanying Farm at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia province, the national wine origin protection area. The study set up six different treatments, that is, different irrigation methods (using the same amount of water), including conventional ditch irrigation (CK1), drip irrigation (D), 10 cm depth in soil using capillary MII (C); different water volume gradients for surface MII (microfiber placed on the soil surface), that is, microfiber surface infiltration irrigation (ordinary irrigation volume, CK2), low irrigation volume (1/3 of ordinary irrigation volume, W1) and medium irrigation volume (2/3 of ordinary irrigation volume, W2). By measuring soil water content, leaf water potential, fruit proline content and relative expression of P5CS genes, we assessed the condition of drought in 6 treated Moldovan grapevines.【Results】From May 18 to September 30, 2019, a total of 136 days of the trial, all treatments presented varying degrees of drought conditions. Under different irrigation methods, the days of drought in CK1 were the most, about 73% of the total number of growth days; C and D were 67% and 40%, respectively, and the yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were C>D>CK1. Moreover, in the middle and later stages of the experiment, the soil water content of C and D was always higher than that of CK1. Under different water gradients, there was little difference on the condition of grape drought. In terms of leaf water potential and proline, under different irrigation methods, the water potential of CK1 was less than D, about 11.8%, 18.1%, 25.5%, 71.2%, 18.9% and 2.6% less than D in all the six measurements, which means that CK1 was under more severe water stress than D; as a result, the content of proline in CK1 was greater than that in D in all the measurements. In four of the six samples, the leaf water potential of CK1 was the smallest, C was the second, and D was the largest. Under different water gradients, the leaf water potential was W2W2>CK2As an important factor affecting proline synthesis, the content of P5CS gene reflects the drought conditions of plants under different irrigation methods. The relative expression of P5CS gene in CK1 was significantly higher than those of D and C on August 4, 25 and 28, but there was no significant difference between CK1, D and C on July 25 and September 4.【Conclusions】 Under different irrigation methods, D has the best ability to maintain soil water content, and C has the most days with moderate soil relative water content, and the water use efficiency of D and C was higher than that of CK1, indicating that both microfiber infiltration irrigation and drip irrigation are better water-saving irrigation methods. Under different water gradients, the relative expression level of P5CS gene in W1 was the highest among the six treatments at some stages, indicating that grapes under this treatment were subjected to more serious water stress, but its yield and water use efficiency were higher. Therefore, "superfine fiber" infiltration irrigation is an optimal irrigation method, which shows advantages and application value in maintaining soil effective water content.
Key words:  Microfiber irrigation; water stress; Vitis vinifera L. cv. Moldova; proline; P5CS;water use efficiency