| 引用本文: | 杜兵杰,曹红霞,裴书瑶,等.亏缺灌溉下温室番茄生长生理指标对生物炭的响应[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| Du Bingjie,CAO Hongxia,PEI Shuyao,et al.亏缺灌溉下温室番茄生长生理指标对生物炭的响应[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
|
| 摘要: |
| 摘 要：【目的】探究生物炭和亏缺灌溉对番茄生长生理指标及水分利用效率的影响，为西北地区温室栽培番茄提供灌水和生物炭施用依据。【方法】本研究在温室内进行桶栽试验，设置3个灌溉水平（充分灌溉I1：75%~85% θf、中度水分亏缺I2：55%~65% θf、重度水分亏缺I3：40%~50% θf）和3个生物炭施用量（B0：0，B1：3%，B2：6%），共9个处理，每处理重复15桶，研究不同灌溉水平和生物炭施用量对番茄不同生育期生理指标、地上部干物质量和长期水分利用效率的影响。【结果】结果表明，适当的亏缺灌溉不会影响番茄植株生长关键期的光合能力，同时大幅提高叶片抗氧化酶（SOD、POD、CAT）活性增加，但地上部干物质量显著降低；充分灌溉下生物炭施用对植株光合产生负面效应，使PSⅡ系统开放比例（qP）降低，最终导致地上部干物质量和长期水分利用效率（WUEL）显著降低；亏缺灌溉下生物炭B2处理的qP和植株热耗散能力（NPQ）在生长关键期均有所提高，从而提高地上部干物质积累和WUEL。在干物质积累关键期，监测生理指标均对地上部干物质产生显著影响，其中抗氧化酶活性（POD和CAT）、净光合速率（Pn）和气孔导度（Gs）对地上部干物质积累的综合作用最大，提高叶片的光合能力和抗氧化系统的防御能力均能促进干物质的积累。【结论】与I2B0处理（55%~65% θf，无生物炭施用）相比，I2B2处理（55%~65% θf，生物炭6%施用量）的地上部干物质量和WUEL分别提高了6.1%（P > 0.05）、30.9%（P < 0.05），在西北地区番茄栽培无法实现充分灌溉的地区可作为适宜的灌溉和生物炭施用组合。 |
| 关键词: 亏缺灌溉；生物炭；光合特性；抗氧化酶活性；地上部干物质；水分利用效率 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
|
| Responses of growth and physiological indexes of greenhouse tomato to biochar under deficit irrigation |
|
Du Bingjie1,2, CAO Hongxia1,2, PEI Shuyao1,2, ZHANG Zeyu1,2, LI Manning1,2
|
|
1.Northwest A &2.F University
|
| Abstract: |
| Abstract: 【Objective】The objectives of this study were to explore the effects of biochar and deficit irrigation on growth, physiological indexes and water use efficiency of tomato, so as to provide the management basis for irrigation and biochar application of greenhouse tomato in northwest China. 【Method】Three irrigation levels (full irrigation I1: 75%~85% θf , medium water deficit I2: 55%~65% θf, and severe water deficit I3: 40%~50% θf ) and three biochar application rates (B0: 0, B1: 3%, B2: 6%) were set to study the effects of different irrigation levels and biochar application rates on growth and physiological indexes, final shoot dry matter and long-term water use efficiency of tomato at different growth stages. 【Result】The results showed that proper deficit irrigation did not affect the photosynthetic capacity of tomato plants at the critical growth stage, and significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) in leaves, but the final shoot dry matter was significantly reduced; Under full irrigation, biochar application had a negative effect on photosynthesis and reduced the open ratio (qP) of photosystem II (PSⅡ), resulting in a significant decrease in shoot dry matter and long-term water use efficiency (WUEL); However, the openness of PSⅡ system and plant heat dissipation capacity (NPQ) of biochar with B2 application rate under deficit irrigation were all increased at the critical growth stage, thus increasing the shoot dry matter and WUEL. In the critical period of shoot dry matter accumulation, all the monitoring physiological indexes had significant effects on shoot dry matter, among them, antioxidant enzyme activities (POD and CAT) and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) had the greatest comprehensive effect on shoot dry matter. Improving the photosynthetic capacity of leaves and the defense capacity of antioxidant system could promote the dry matter accumulation. 【Conclusion】Compared with I2B0 (55%~65% θf , no biochar application), the shoot dry matter and WUEL of I2B2 treatment (55%~65% θf ,6% biochar application) were increased by 6.1% (P>0.05) and 30.9% (P<0.05), respectively. It can be used as a suitable combination of irrigation and biochar application in the areas where full irrigation is not available for tomato cultivation in northwest China. |
| Key words: deficit irrigation; biochar; photosynthesis characteristics; antioxidant enzyme activity；shoot dry matter; WUEL |
