| 引用本文: | 李帅,卫琦,王海渝,等.水肥一体化条件下控灌稻田土壤氮素及水稻生长特性研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| LI Shuai,WEI Qi,WANG Haiyu,et al.水肥一体化条件下控灌稻田土壤氮素及水稻生长特性研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】揭示水肥一体化施肥方式下稻田土壤氮素及水稻生长变化规律，为优化水肥管理、提高氮素利用效率、减少面源污染提供理论指导。【方法】以水稻穗肥施用为例，设置小区试验，研究了不同施肥条件下控灌稻田土壤氮素分布、水稻生长变化和产量。设置施肥方式（H为人工撒施、A为水肥一体化施肥）、施肥量与频次（F为常规施肥水平367 kg/hm2、R为减量施肥水平267 kg/hm2）两个试验因素，共计4个处理分别为HR、AR、HF、AF。【结果】（1）与人工撒施相比，水肥一体化施肥方式下稻田土壤NH4+-N量提高27.4%~50.7%（p<0.05），NO3--N量降低15.2%~33.3%（p<0.05），稻田土壤氮素NH4+-N和NO3--N的分布均匀度增加31.0%和41.0%。（2）水肥一体化施肥方式下水稻分蘖数和株高平均提高7.5%和17.4%（p<0.05），水稻产量平均增加16.4%。（3）相较于一次追肥，两次追肥能够有效提高水稻分蘖（8.5%~9.4%）、株高（3.7%~4.0%）、产量（6.3%~7.1%），且能在较长时间内保持稻田土壤NH4+-N量的适宜与稳定。【结论】水肥一体化施肥方式配合“减量分次”施肥管理能够有效提高稻田土壤NH4+-N量、促进水稻生长和产量提高，对于提高土壤氮素分布均匀度、氮素高效利用以及降低氮素淋溶风险具有促进作用。 |
| 关键词: 水肥一体化;控制灌溉;稻田;土壤氮素;水稻生长 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S28 |
| 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（B200202097） |
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| Soil Nitrogen And Rice Growth Characteristics As Effected By Fertigation In Paddy Field Irrigated By Controlled Irrigation |
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LI Shuai1, WEI Qi1, WANG Haiyu1, XU Junzeng1, ZHOU Jiaoyan2
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1.College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University;2.Kunshan City Water System Dispatching and Information Management Office
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 Investigating the dynamics of soil nitrogen and rice growth in irrigated paddy fields under fertigation management, can provide theoretical guidance for optimizing water and fertilizer management, improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing non-point source pollution. 【Methods】 Taking rice panicle fertilizer application as an example, plot experiments with different fertilization methods and strategies were carried out, to study soil nitrogen distribution, rice growth and yield in controlled irrigation paddy fields under different fertilization management conditions. Two experimental factors were facility fertilizer method (H for handbroadcasting application, A for fertugation), fertilizer amount and frequency (F for conventional fertilization level 367 kg/hm2, R for reduced fertilization level 267 kg/hm2), and the total of four treatments were HR, AR, HF and AF. 【Result】(1) Under the fertigation application，soil NH4+-N content was increased by 27.4%-50.7% (p<0.05) and NO3--N content was decreased by 15.2%-33.3% (p<0.05), meanwhile distribution uniformity of NH4+-N and NO3--N in paddy soil increased by 31.0% and 41.0%. (2) The tiller number and rice height were increased by 7.5% and 17.4% on average (p<0.05), and the rice yield was increased by 16.4% on average under the fertigation application. (3) Compared with one topdressing, two topdressing treatments could effectively increase tillering by 8.5%~9.4%, rice height by 3.7%~4.0%, and yield by 6.3%~7.1%, and maintain the appropriate and stable NH4+-N content in paddy soil for a long time. (4) Compared with the traditional water and fertilizer management mode, fertigation combined with the "reduction and subdivision" fertilization management mode not only reduced the fertilizer loss during the fertilization process, but also effectively avoided the excessive loss of nitrogen caused by high nitrogen concentration in the paddy field, and improved the content of ammonium nitrogen and the distribution uniformity of nitrogen in the paddy soil. It is a water and fertilizer management strategy with the potential to improve soil nitrogen availability, reduce nitrogen loss and non-point source pollution emissions.【Conclusion】 Fertigation combined with the " reduction and subdivision " fertilization management can effectively not only improve the soil NH4+-N content in controlled irrigated paddy field, but also promote the growth and yield of rice.Besides, it can further improvie the soil nitrogen distribution uniformity, efficiency of nitrogen utilization and reduced nitrogen leaching loss. |
| Key words: fertilization method; controlled irrigation; paddy fields; soil nitrogen; rice growth. |
