| 引用本文: | 江柱、,张江辉,白云岗,等.膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花盐离子、养分吸收及干物质分配的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| JIANG Zhu,ZHANG Jiang-hui,BAI Yun-gang,et al.膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花盐离子、养分吸收及干物质分配的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花盐离子、养分吸收及干物质分配的影响 |
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江柱、1, 张江辉2, 白云岗2, 刘洪波2, 肖军2, 蒋磊3
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1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院;2.新疆水利水电科学研究院;3.中国地质调查局乌鲁木齐自然资源综合调查中心
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】针对新疆南疆地区干旱环境,探索膜下咸水滴灌条件下利用咸水资源高效的水肥盐灌溉模式。【方法】本试验设置不同淡咸水混合比例和施氮量,研究膜下咸水滴灌水肥盐调控对棉花盐离子、养分吸收及干物质分配的影响。【结果】结果表明：随着灌溉水矿化度的增大,棉株体内盐离子(Na+、Cl-与Ca2+)含量呈增加的趋势,并且Na+与Cl-含量的增加达到显著性水平；吸收的盐离子主要积累在茎叶,尤其叶中积累量最高。灌溉水矿化度对N、P和K养分的吸收及分配有明显的影响,在蕾铃中的养分积累量随着灌溉水矿化度的增加明显降低,而茎叶中受影响较小。随着施氮量的增加棉株根系干物质增加,促进了对盐离子与养分的吸收；养分(N、P、K)积累量随着施氮量的增加呈增加趋势,并且N与K积累量的增加达到显著性水平；同时,淡咸比例4:1混合灌溉(微咸水)茎叶适量的Na+与Cl-积累量有利于抑制高施氮量(400kg/hm2)营养器官(茎叶)“徒长”,更多养分向生殖器官(蕾铃)分配,有利于产量的形成；而淡咸比例2:3混合灌溉(咸水)Na+与Cl-在棉株体内积累量显著增加,抑制了营养生长及养分向生殖器官的分配,不利于产量的形成。淡咸比例4:1混合灌溉高施氮量处理(C2N1)棉花干物质积累量蕾铃占比较对照处理提高1.5%,产量(6829.80kg/hm2)达到了接近对照处理的水平；而淡咸比例2:3混合灌溉高施氮量处理(C3N1)棉花干物质积累量蕾铃占比较对照处理也有提高(0.8%),但由于盐离子在棉株体内的大量积累,单株棉花干物质积累量下降较多,因此产量提高不大。【结论】在本试验条件下,淡咸比例4:1混合灌溉(微咸水)适当的盐分胁迫以及合理的增施氮肥能有效地促进棉花的生长及各器官干物质的分配,在减少20%淡水使用的情况下保障了棉花产量。 |
| 关键词: 棉花;膜下滴灌;咸水;盐离子;养分吸收;干物质分配 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:TV93 |
| 基金项目:国家科技攻关计划 |
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| Effects of fertilizer and salt regulation on salt ion, nutrient absorption and dry matter distribution of cotton under saline drip irrigation |
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JIANG Zhu1, ZHANG Jiang-hui2, BAI Yun-gang2, LIU Hong-bo2, XIAO Jun2, JIANG Lei3
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1.College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering of Xinjiang Agricultural University;2.Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower;3.Urumqi Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey Center,Xinjiang
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】To explore an efficient water, fertilizer and salt irrigation mode using salt water resources under film salt water drip irrigation in the arid environment of Southern Xinjiang.【Methods】The effects of fertilizer and salt regulation on salt ion, nutrient absorption and dry matter distribution of cotton were studied.【Results】The results showed that with the increase of salinity of irrigation water, the content of salt ions (Na+, Cl- and Ca2+) in cotton plants increased, and the increase of Na+ and Cl- reached a significant level; The absorbed salt ions mainly accumulated in stems and leaves, especially in leaves. The salinity of irrigation water had a significant effect on the absorption and distribution of N, P and K nutrients. The nutrient accumulation in buds and bolls decreased significantly with the increase of salinity of irrigation water, but it was less affected in stems and leaves. With the increase of nitrogen application, the dry matter of cotton roots increased, which promoted the absorption of salt ions and nutrients; The accumulation of nutrients (n, P, K) increased with the increase of nitrogen application, and the increase of N and K accumulation reached a significant level; At the same time, the appropriate amount of Na+ and Cl- accumulation in stems and leaves under mixed irrigation (brackish water) with a light salt ratio of 4:1 is conducive to inhibit the "overgrowth" of vegetative organs (stems and leaves) under high nitrogen application (400kg / hm2), and more nutrients are distributed to reproductive organs (buds and bolls), which is conducive to the formation of yield; However, the accumulation of Na+ and Cl- in cotton plant increased significantly under the mixed irrigation (salt water) with a light salt ratio of 2:3, which inhibited the nutrient growth and the distribution of nutrients to reproductive organs, which was not conducive to the formation of yield. The ratio of light to salt was 4:1. The dry matter accumulation of cotton in mixed irrigation and high nitrogen application (C2N1) treatment increased by 1.5% compared with the control treatment, and the yield (6829.80kg / hm2) reached the level close to the control treatment; The dry matter accumulation of cotton in the light salt ratio of 2:3 mixed irrigation and high nitrogen application (C3N1) treatment was also increased (0.8%) compared with the control treatment. However, due to the large accumulation of salt ions in the cotton plant, the dry matter accumulation of cotton per plant decreased more, so the yield increased little.【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this experiment, the proportion of light to salt is 4:1, mixed irrigation (brackish water), appropriate salt stress and reasonable increase of nitrogen fertilizer can effectively promote the growth of cotton and the distribution of dry matter in various organs, and ensure the yield of cotton under the condition of reducing the use of fresh water by 20%. |
| Key words: cotton; mulched drip irrigation; salt water; Salt ion; Nutrient absorption; Dry matter distribution |
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