| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为缓解农业水资源供需矛盾，保障粳稻种植可持续发展，开展了不同种灌溉栽培模式下粳稻生长特性、耗水规律研究，旨在为粳稻节水栽培提供技术支撑。【方法】利用称重式蒸渗仪开展了不同节水灌溉方式和栽培模式下粳稻生长特性、耗水规律、耗水量、产量及构成因素的试验研究，利用对比分析、方差分析、相关性分析方法对试验数据进行了处理。【结果】相同栽培模式不同节水灌溉方式研究结果表明，KZ处理在有效分蘖数、耗水量、产量方面均为最优，水分生产率与SR处理相当，是最优的节水高产灌溉制度；QS处理耗水量比KZ高19.90%，产量比KZ低4.22%，水分生产率比KZ低20.11%，产生无效分蘖多，株高高于KZ处理；SR处理水分控制严格，粳稻有效分蘖不足，耗水量低、水分生产率高，但产量远低于KZ和QS处理。相同节水灌溉方式下不同栽培模式研究结果表明，直播种植模式在生长期上较移栽种植滞后，但分蘖中后期直播种植分蘖和耗水表现出补偿效应，SZB处理分蘖数与KZ基本持平，HZB处理补偿效应后劲不足；直播种植在同种节水灌溉方式下产量低于移栽种植，HZB处理变现尤为明显，与移栽条件下不同节水灌溉方式相比，SZB处理产量优于SR处理，水分生产率优于QS处理；同种节水灌溉方式下直播和移栽种植生育期耗水量差异较小，但直播无需育秧、HZB无需泡田，可节水节省人工等，综合比较，SZB推广前景优于HZB。【结论】通过综合分析得出，在灌溉制度方面，控制灌溉为粳稻最优节水灌溉制度，浅湿灌溉次之；在栽培模式方面，移栽仍是高产稳产的最佳栽培模式，水直播在省工方面优势明显，具有推广前景。 |
| 关键词: 粳稻，节水灌溉，栽培模式，移栽种植，直播种植 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S274.1 |
| 基金项目:黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYE2020B010) |
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| Study on growth characteristics of japonica rice under different water-saving irrigation methods and cultivation patterns |
|
Sun Xuemei
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|
Heilongjiang Province Hydraulic Reaearch Institute
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of agricultural water resources, ensure the sustainable development of japonica rice cultivation, the growth characteristics and water consumption law under different irrigation cultivation patterns were studied, aiming to provide technical support for water-saving cultivation of japonica rice.【Method】The growth characteristics, water consumption, yield and its component factors of japonica rice under different water-saving irrigation and cultivation patterns were studied by weighing lysimeter, comparative analysis, variance analysis and correlation analysis were used to process the experimental data.【Result】The results of different water-saving irrigation methods under the same cultivation pattern showed that KZ treatment was the best in effective tiller, water consumption and yield, and water productivity was equivalent to SR treatment, which was the optimal water-saving and high-yield irrigation scheduling; the water consumption of QS treatment were 19.90% higher , yield were 4.22% lower and water productivity were 20.11% lower than that of KZ, more ineffective tillers were produced in SR treatment, and plant height was higher than that of KZ; SR treatment had strict water control and insufficient effective tillers, low water consumption and high water productivity, but the yield of japonica rice was much lower than KZ and QS treatment.The results of different cultivation patterns under the same water-saving irrigation method that the direct seeding planting mode lagged behind in the growing stage, but it showed a compensatory effect on tiller and water consumption in the middle and late tillering stage, the tiller number of SZB treatment was basically the same as KZ treatment, while the compensatory effect of HZB treatment was insufficient. Under the same water-saving irrigation method, the yield of direct seeding was lower than that of transplanting, and HZB treatment was particularly obvious. Compared with different water-saving irrigation methods under the transplanting condition, the yield of SZB treatment was better than SR treatment, and the water productivity was better than QS treatment. Under the same water-saving irrigation method, there was little difference in water consumption between direct seeding and transplanting during the growth period, but direct seeding have no seedling cultivation stage, HZB does not require steeping field, which can save water and labor. By comprehensive comparison, SZB has a better promotion prospect than HZB.【Conclusion】Through comprehensive analysis, in terms of irrigation system, controlled irrigation was the best water-saving irrigation system for japonica rice, followed by shallow wet irrigation；in terms of cultivation mode, transplanting is still the best cultivation mode for high and stable yield, and water direct seeding has obvious advantages in saving labor, which has the prospect of popularization. |
| Key words: japonica rice, water saving irrigation, cultivation pattern, transplanting, direct seeding |
