| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探寻极端干旱区无核白葡萄的适宜水肥制度。【方法】在萌芽期充分供水条件下，以全生育期充分灌溉为对照（CK），设置新梢生长期（W1）、开花期（W2）、果实膨大期（W3）、着色成熟期（W4）4个亏水处理（θf=65%~90%），同时设3个施肥配比，N施量、P2O5施量、K2O施量为275.0、275.0、275.0 kg/hm2（F1），235.7、235.7、353.6 kg/hm2（F2），330.0、165.0、330.0 kg/hm2（F3），共15个水肥处理，研究了水肥配比对滴灌葡萄产量品质和耗水特征的影响。【结果】灌水是影响土壤含水率的主要因素，果实膨大期调亏灌溉土壤含水率波动最明显；在果实膨大期进行调亏灌溉，会造成大幅减产和较低品质，而在着色成熟期进行调亏灌溉对产量影响不显著，却可以显著提高还原性糖量和可溶性固形物量，F2施肥处理产量、还原性糖量和可溶性固形物量均取得最大值。CKF2处理产量取得最大值，为28 003 kg/hm2，W4F2处理产量与最大处理间无显著差异，但还原性糖量和可溶性固形物量取得最大值，分别为23.00%和23.50%，W3F3处理产量和还原性糖量最低，较CKF2和W4F2处理降低34.29%和28.70%。果实膨大期是无核白葡萄的需水关键期，调亏灌溉会大幅降低生育期耗水强度和耗水量，耗水强度和耗水量随氮肥施用增加而逐渐增大。【结论】W4F2处理，即在着色成熟期进行调亏灌溉，且N施量、P2O5施量、K2O施量分别为235.7、235.7和353.6 kg/hm2（F2），可作为极端干旱区无核白葡萄的适宜水肥制度。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌葡萄;产量品质;耗水特征;水肥制度 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275.6；S663.1 |
| 基金项目:兵团重大科技项目(2021AA003)；兵团科技创新团队项目(2019CB004) |
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| Water consumption characteristics of drip irrigation grapes and optimization of water and fertilizer system in extremely arid regions |
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Wenyue, Wangzhenhua
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Shihezi University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Tuha region is one of the most important regions for grape production in China, and the application of water and fertilizer is the most important factor affecting the efficiency of grapes. Therefore, it is necessary to rationally explore the way of water and fertilizer application in extremely arid areas.【Objective】To explore the suitable water and fertilizer system of seedless white grape in extremely arid area, a field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of water and fertilizer proportion on the water consumption, yield and quality of drip irrigation grapes in extremely arid regions.【Method】The experiment set up four single growth periods of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI, θf=65%~90%) including shoot growth period (W1), flowering period (W2), berry growth period (W3), berry mature period (W4) and one full irrigation treatment (CK), three fertilization ratios including N, P2O5, K2O application amounts of 275.0, 275.0, 275.0 kg/hm2 (F1), 235.7, 235.7, 353.6 kg/hm2 (F2), and 330.0, 165.0, 330.0 kg/hm2 (F3), a total of 15 water and fertilizer treatments. 【Result】 Irrigation was the main factor affecting soil water content, and the fluctuation of soil water content was most obvious under regulated deficit irrigation during fruit expansion stage. While RDI was performed during the berry mature period, it had no significant effect on yield, but significantly increased the content of reducing sugar and soluble solids. The yield, reducing sugars and soluble solids of F2 fertilization treatment all achieved the maximum. The yield of CKF2 treatment reached the maximum value of 28 003 kg/hm2. There was no significant difference between the yield of W4F2 and the CKF2. But the content of reducing sugar and soluble solids reached the maximum in W4F2 treatment, which were 23.00% and 23.50%, respectively. The yield and the content of reducing sugar were the lowest in W3F3 treatment, which was 34.29% and 28.70% lower than CKF2 and W4F2. The berry growth period was the critical water requirement period for seedless white grapes. RDI greatly reduced the water consumption intensity and water consumption during the growth period of seedless white grapes. The water consumption intensity and water consumption increased gradually with the increasing of nitrogen fertilizer application. 【Conclusion】Therefore, the W4F2 treatment, that is, regulated deficit irrigation during the coloring and maturity period (W4) and N, P2O5, K2O application amount of 235.7, 235.7, 353.6 kg/hm2 (F2) can be used as seedless white grapes in extreme arid areas suitable water and fertilizer system in extremely arid regions. |
| Key words: drip irrigation grapes; yield and quality; characteristics of water consumption; water and fertilizer system |
