| 引用本文: | 曹雪松,郑和祥,李和平,等.引黄滴灌条件下水氮互作对玉米耗水特性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| CAO Xuesong,ZHENG Hexiang,LI Heping,et al.引黄滴灌条件下水氮互作对玉米耗水特性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为鄂尔多斯杭锦旗黄河南岸灌区引黄滴灌玉米提出合理的水肥调控方案。【方法】采用田间试验，设3个引黄滴灌灌水定额（225、300和375 m3/hm2），每种灌溉定额下均设2个施氮量（207、276 kg/hm2），研究了引黄滴灌条件下不同水肥处理对玉米耗水量、耗水强度、水分生产率和玉米产量的影响。【结果】引黄滴灌条件下水氮互作表现出显著的正交互作用。耗水量与耗水强度随灌水定额的增加呈递增趋势，耗水量与耗水强度的峰值均出现在玉米的抽雄期-灌浆期。在一定的水分条件下，增加施肥量对玉米耗水特性的影响不显著；在同一灌水定额下，增加施肥量不能显著提高作物千粒质量、籽粒产量和水分生产率，当施肥量超过一定数量时，继续施肥对产量和水分生产率反而产生负影响。当灌水量为4 206.84 ~ 4 890.36 m3/hm2、施肥量为977.13 ~ 1122.87 kg/hm2时，引黄滴灌玉米有95%的概率可获得大于8 765.55 kg/hm2的籽粒产量。【结论】综合节水、高产和高效等生产因素，建议鄂尔多斯黄河南岸灌区引黄滴灌玉米灌水定额300 m3/hm2左右，灌水12 ~ 14次，施尿素（含氮量为46%）1 200 kg/hm2左右。 |
| 关键词: 滴灌;玉米;耗水量;籽粒产量;水分生产率 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S274.1 |
| 基金项目:“科技兴蒙”重点专项项目(KJXM-EEDS-2020010-01)；鄂尔多斯市科技计划项目（20190101）；中国水利水电科学研究院科研专项项目（MK2020J05）；内蒙古自治区水利科技项目（MK0413B032021） |
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| Effect of Water and Nitrogen Interaction on Water Consumption Characteristics and Yield of Maize under the Condition of Yellow River Diversion and Drip Irrigation |
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CAO Xuesong1, ZHENG Hexiang1, LI Heping1, MIAO Ping2
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1.Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research;2.River and Lake Protection Center of Ordos City
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】The purpose of our research is to formulate a reasonable water and fertilizer control plan for the yellow river diversion irrigation corn in the irrigation area of the south bank of the Yellow River in Ordos, in order to provide scientific basis and technical support for the popularization and application of the drip irrigation technology in the irrigation area of the south bank of the Yellow River in Ordos.【Method】Using the method of field experiment, the irrigation quota of the Yellow River Diversion Irrigation is set at three levels of 225, 300 and 375 m3/hm2, and the fertilization rate is set at two levels of 450 and 600 kg/hm2. The impact of water consumption, water consumption intensity, water productivity and corn yield.【Result】The coupling of drip irrigation water and nitrogen in an appropriate range shows a significant positive interaction. Water consumption and water consumption intensity showed an increasing trend with the increase of irrigation quota. The peak of water consumption and water consumption intensity appeared in the tasseling stage-filling stage of corn. Under certain water conditions, increasing the amount of fertilizer has no significant effect on the water consumption characteristics of corn; under certain irrigation conditions, increasing the amount of fertilization cannot significantly increase the thousand-grain weight, grain yield and water productivity of the crop, which is too high Fertilization has a negative impact on yield and water productivity. When the irrigation rate is 4 206.84 ~ 4 890.36 m3/hm2 and the fertilizer rate is 977.13 ~ 1 122.87 kg/hm2, there is a 95% probability that corn yields greater than 8 765.55 kg/hm2 can be obtained by drip irrigation.【Conclusion】Considering production factors such as water saving, high yield and high efficiency, it is recommended that the irrigation quota for maize in the irrigation area on the south bank of the Yellow River in Ordos is about 300 m3/hm2, irrigation 12 - 14 times, and the amount of fertilizer is about 1 200 kg/hm2. |
| Key words: drip irrigation; corn; water consumption; grain yield; water production efficiency |
