| 引用本文: | 葛建坤,平盈璐,龚雪文,等.水分亏缺对温室覆膜滴灌番茄根系生长及吸水量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,():-. |
| GE Jiankun,PING Yinglu,GONG Xuewen,et al.水分亏缺对温室覆膜滴灌番茄根系生长及吸水量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】水分胁迫和地膜覆盖是影响根系生长的重要因素，为探讨水分胁迫和覆膜对温室滴灌番茄根系生长和根系吸水状况的影响，【方法】以20 cm标准蒸发皿的累计蒸发量（Ep）为依据，结合地膜覆盖情况，设置3种处理：无膜高水处理（WM-0.9，水面蒸发系数为0.9）、有膜高水处理（FM-0.9）和有膜低水处理（FM-0.5，水面蒸发系数为0.5）。系统研究水分胁迫和覆膜双因素影响下的温室番茄根系分布特征，利用HYDRUS-1D软件模拟了根系吸水量，在此基础上，阐明了不同根系吸水量对番茄产量和水分利用效率的影响机理。【结果】结果表明：WM-0.9、FM-0.9和FM-0.5处理在20 cm土层内的根长密度分别占总根长密度的58.5%、56.3%和78.7%。HYDRUS-1D模拟的各土层土壤含水率的均方根误差在0.010 cm3/cm3，回归系数在0.864～1.076左右，各处理蒸腾量与根系吸水量的均方根误差均在0.09 mm/d以内，回归系数在0.89以上，说明模拟值和实测值具有较好的一致性。从不同处理根系吸水情况来看，FM-0.9的根系吸水量最多，达240.9 mm，比WM-0.9和FM-0.5处理分别高24.4%、26.7%，其中0～40 cm土层为番茄根系的主要吸水层，WM-0.9、FM-0.9和FM-0.5处理在该层的根系吸水量分别占总吸水量的84.2%、85.7%和83.2%，同时WM-0.9和FM-0.5处理在土层20-40 cm的根系吸水量迅速下降，FM-0.9处理则仍可保持较高的根系吸水量。FM-0.5处理的水分利用效率和灌溉水分利用效率分别为59.0和70.3 kg/m3，比WM-0.9高34.4%和55.5%，比FM-0.9高11.3%和30.4%，FM-0.9的产量最高，为147.7 t/hm2，较WM-0.9和FM-0.5处理高19.3%和23.6%。【结论】因此，依据番茄根系对水分反应的差异，在0.9Ep的灌溉定额下，结合覆膜栽培技术，可提高深层土壤水分的吸收和利用。 |
| 关键词: 日光温室；膜下滴灌；HYDRUS-1D；土壤水分；根长密度；根系吸水 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:274.1 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(51709110,51809094,51779093)；河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划项目(2020GGJS100)；河南省重点研发与推广专项(192102110090) |
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| Effects of water deficit on root growth and water uptake of tomato under?mulched?drip?irrigation in greenhouse |
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GE Jiankun1, PING Yinglu1, GONG Xuewen1, WANG Ling2, XIN Qingcong1, ZHANG Lei1, LIU Huanhuan1
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1.North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power;2.Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co.Ltd
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Water stress and plastic film mulching are important factors affecting root growth.【Method】In order to explore the effects of water stress and plastic film mulching on root growth and root water uptake of tomato under drip irrigation in greenhouse, based on the cumulative evaporation (EP) of 20 cm standard evaporating dish and combined with plastic film mulching, three treatments were set up: high water treatment without film (WM-0.9, water surface evaporation coefficient is 0.9), high water treatment with film (FM-0.9) and low water treatment with film (FM-0.5, water surface evaporation coefficient is 0.5). The root distribution characteristics of Greenhouse Tomato under the influence of water stress and film mulching were systematically studied. The root water uptake was calculated by HYDRUS-1D. On this basis, the influence mechanism of different root water uptake on tomato yield and water use efficiency was compared, and the index of water value ratio was proposed to measure the effect of initial soil water on crop water demand.【Result】The results showed that the root length density of CK, FM-0.9 and FM-0.5 in the 0~20cm soil layer accounted for 58.5%, 56.3% and 78.7% of the total root length density. The root mean square error of soil moisture content of each soil layer simulated by HYDRUS-1D is about 0.010 cm3/cm3, and regression coefficient is about 0.864~1.076. The root mean square error of and transpiration and root water uptake are within 0.09 mm/d, and regression coefficient is more than 0.89, indicating that the simulated values are in good agreement with the measured values. From the root water uptake of different treatments, the largest root water uptake was FM-0.9 with the values of 240.9 mm, increased by 24.4% and 26.7% compared with CK and FM-0.5 treatment, respectively. The 0~40cm soil layer was main water uptake, and the root water uptake of CK, FM-0.9 and FM-0.5 treatments in this soil layer accounted for 84.2%, 85.7% and 83.2% of the total water uptake, respectively. The water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of FM-0.5 were 59.0 and 70.3 kg/m3 respectively, which were 34.4% and 55.5% higher than CK, and 11.3% and 30.4% higher than FM-0.9, respectively. While the highest yield was the FM-0.9 with 147.7 t/hm2, which was 19.3% and 23.6% higher than CK and FM-0.5, respectively.【Conclusion】Therefore, according to the difference of tomato root response to water, the irrigation quota of 0.9 EP combined with film mulching cultivation technology can improve the absorption and utilization of deep soil water. |
| Key words: solar greenhouse; mulched drip irrigation; HYDRUS-1D; soil moisture; root length density; root water uptake |
