| 引用本文: | 曹和平,蒋静,翟登攀,等.施氮量对土壤水氮盐分布和玉米生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,():-. |
| caoheping,jiangjing,zhaidengpan,et al.施氮量对土壤水氮盐分布和玉米生长及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究盐渍化土壤下玉米适宜的施氮量。【方法】试验于2019年5—9月在太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院试验地的遮雨棚进行，采用桶栽方式种植玉米，设置4个施氮量水平N0（不施氮）、N1（225 kg/hm2）、N2（275 kg/hm2）和N3（325 kg/hm2）。【结果】施氮会明显改变水氮盐在土壤中的分布，0~40 cm土层的体积含水率随施氮量增加而显著（p＜0.05）减小。各测定时期的土壤电导率随施氮量增加而增大，拔节—抽雄期比苗期升高0.968~1.542 dS/m，完熟期比抽雄期降低4.740~5.471 dS/m。土壤硝态氮和铵态氮量随玉米生育期推进而降低，且在各时期随施氮量增加而增大。施氮显著促进了玉米生长，提高其耗水量及水分利用效率，且各指标均随施氮量增加而增大，N2处理和N3处理间无显著差异（p＞0.05）。与N3处理相比，N2处理节约肥料50 kg/hm2，且氮肥偏生产力高3.4 kg/kg，差异显著（p＜0.05）。【结论】综合考虑不同施氮量对土壤水氮盐分布规律、玉米生长指标和耗水特性的影响，得出该地区盐渍化土壤下玉米较适宜的施氮量为275 kg/hm2。 |
| 关键词: 产量；水分利用效率；土壤电导率；硝态氮；铵态氮 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S513 |
| 基金项目:山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点实验室开放课题(2019001)；山西省基础研究计划(201901D211101) |
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| Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Soil Water, Nitrogen and Salt Distribution and Maize Growth and Yield |
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caoheping1, jiangjing1, zhaidengpan2, zhangchaobo1
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1.Taiyuan University of Technology;2.Zhongshui North survey, design and Research Co., Ltd.
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Nitrogen is an important factor affecting maize growth and yield. The purpose of this paper is to explore the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer for maize in salinized soil.【Method】The experiment was conducted from May to September in 2019. Maize was potted in the shelter of the experimental site of College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology. Four nitrogen application levels were set, N0 (no nitrogen application), N1 (225 kg/hm2), N2 (275 kg/hm2) and N3 (325 kg/hm2).【Result】The results showed that nitrogen application could significantly affect the distribution of water, nitrogen and salt in soil, and the volumetric water content of 0~40 cm soil layer decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing of nitrogen application rate. The soil electrical conductivity increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate in each measured period. With the advancement of maize growth, the soil electrical conductivity from jointing stage to tasseling stage increased by 0.968~1.542 dS/m compared with that at seedling stage, and decreased by 4.740~5.471 dS/m at mature stage compared with tasseling stage. The contents of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in soil decreased gradually with the growth of maize, and increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Nitrogen application significantly promoted the growth of maize and improved the water consumption and water use efficiency of maize, and all indexes increased with the increase of nitrogen application. There was no significant difference between N2 and N3 treatments (p > 0.05). Compared with N3 treatment, N2 treatment saved 50 kg/hm2 of fertilizer, and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer was 3.4 kg/kg higher (p < 0.05).【Conclusion】Considering the effects of different nitrogen application rates on soil water, nitrogen and salt distribution, maize growth index and water consumption characteristics, it is concluded that the more suitable nitrogen application rate for maize in salinized soil in this area is 275 kg/hm2. |
| Key words: Yield; water use efficiency; soil conductivity; nitrate nitrogen; ammonium nitrogen |
