引用本文: | 刘仲秋,吴浩,朱文帅,等.微喷 补灌水肥一体化下水氮管理对夏玉米茎杆抗倒伏研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| LIU Zhongqiu,WU Hao,ZHU Wenshuai,et al.微喷 补灌水肥一体化下水氮管理对夏玉米茎杆抗倒伏研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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微喷 补灌水肥一体化下水氮管理对夏玉米茎杆抗倒伏研究 |
刘仲秋,吴浩,朱文帅,等
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1.山东农业大学 水利土木工程学院;2.吉林农业大学 农学院
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摘要: |
【目的】建立黄淮海平原水肥一体化条件下适宜夏玉米高产高抗倒伏的水氮管理模式。【方法】设置微喷补灌水平(W)和施氮量(N)2个因素,即播种时、拔节期、大喇叭口期和抽雄吐丝期补灌4次(W1),播种时和大喇叭口期补灌2次(W2),施氮量210 kg/hm2(N1)和150 kg/hm2(N2),研究了夏玉米不同生育期植株性状参数、茎秆倒数第3节间力学指标和抗倒伏指数、夏玉米原位抗倒伏力与倾斜角度、产量等指标,探究夏玉米抗倒伏能力与产量综合调优的水氮管理模式。【结果】N1处理显著降低了夏玉米抽雄期和成熟期的株高,以及抽雄期和灌浆期的重心高度;显著提高了成熟期的抗折力,灌浆期的穿刺强度和径向抗压强度,以及灌浆期和成熟期的抗倒伏指数,其中抽雄期、灌浆期和成熟期W1N1处理的抗倒伏指数较W2N2处理分别增加68.56%、15.01%、28.23%;N1处理显著提高了夏玉米抽穗期和成熟期不同倒伏角度下的抗倒伏力,以及不同生育期的临界抗倒伏力,其中抽雄期、灌浆期和成熟期W1N1处理较W2N2处理的临界抗倒伏力分别增加44.03%、48.40%、30.49%;采用抗倒伏指数和临界抗倒伏力的综合评价表明,不同生育期W1N1处理综合抗倒伏能力最高,W2N2处理最低;采用抗倒伏指数、临界抗倒伏力以及产量的综合评价表明,成熟期W1N1处理和W2N1处理综合抗倒伏能力明显高于W1N2处理和W2N2处理。【结论】综合抗倒伏能力、作物需水及水肥一体化等因素,W1N1处理是实现抗倒伏和籽粒高产最优组合方案。 |
关键词: 夏玉米;微喷补灌;水氮管理;茎秆抗倒伏 |
DOI: |
分类号:S513 |
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目) |
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Research on Lodging Resistance of Summer Maize Stem by Water and Nitrogen Management with Water and Fertilizer Integration by Micro-spraying |
LIU Zhongqiu1,2,3, WU Hao1,2,3, ZHU Wenshuai1,2,3, ZHANG Junpeng1,2,3, LI Quanqi1,2,3, YANG Jinsheng4
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1.College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'2.'3.an;4.College of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural University
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Abstract: |
【Objective】Micro-spraying hose irrigation has the advantages of strong controllability, but there are few studies on the lodging resistance of summer maize stems under the integration of micro-spraying supplementary irrigation and fertilizer. A water and nitrogen management suitable for high yield and high resistance of summer maize under the condition of water and fertilizer integration in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain should be established. 【Method】In order to study the comprehensive effects of different supplementary irrigation times and nitrogen management on the lodging resistance characteristics of summer maize, two micro-spraying supplementary irrigation level (W) and nitrogen application rate (N) were carried out, namely, supplementary irrigation 4 times (W1) at the beginning of sowing, jointing, beg bell, and heading stage, 2 times (W2) at sowing and big bell stage, the amount of nitrogen application of 210 kg / hm2 (N1) and 150 kg / hm2 (N2). To explore the comprehensive optimization of lodging resistance and yield of summer maize, the plant character parameters, mechanical index and lodging resistance index of the last third internode, the plant in-situ lodging resistance, inclination angle and yield of summer maize at different growth stages were studied.【Result】The effect of N1 treatment was the best, which significantly reduced the plant height at heading stage and dough stage, as well as the center of gravity height at heading stage and filling stage; the bending strength, puncture strength and radial compressive strength at the filling stage, as well as the lodging resistance index at the filling stage and the dough stage were significantly improved, the lodging resistance index of W1N1 treatment increased by 68.56%, 15.01% and 28.23% respectively compared with W2N2 treatment at heading stage, filling stage and dough stage; the lodging resistance at different lodging angles and critical lodging resistance at different growth stages of summer maize plant were significantly improved, the critical lodging resistance of W1N1 treatment increased by 44.03%, 48.40% and 30.49% respectively compared with W2N2 treatment at heading stage, filling stage and dough stage. The comprehensive evaluation of lodging resistance index and critical lodging resistance showed that W1N1 treatment at different growth stages had the highest comprehensive lodging resistance and W2N2 treatment was the lowest; The comprehensive evaluation of lodging resistance index, critical lodging resistance and yield showed that the comprehensive lodging resistance of WIN1 treatment and W2N1 treatments at dough stage was significantly higher than that of W1N2 treatment and W2N2 treatments.【Conclusion】Based on the factors of lodging resistance, crop water demand and integration of water and fertilizer, W1N1 treatment is the best combination scheme to realize lodging resistance and grain high yield. |
Key words: summer maize; micro-spraying supplementary irrigation; water and nitrogen management; stem lodging resistance |
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