矩形渠道翼形量水槽仿生优化试验研究

刘鸿涛; 屈忠义; 向丹丹

引用本文:	刘鸿涛,屈忠义,向丹丹.矩形渠道翼形量水槽仿生优化试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-.
	LiuHongTao,QuZhongYi,XiangDanDan.矩形渠道翼形量水槽仿生优化试验研究[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-.

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矩形渠道翼形量水槽仿生优化试验研究
刘鸿涛¹, 屈忠义², 向丹丹³
1.长春工程学院;2.内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院;3.长春工程学院研究生院

摘要:

【目的】探索利用仿生技术优化翼形量水槽，期望降低过槽水头损失、提高临界淹没度，以适用于更小比降的渠道，助力国家节水行动。【方法】15种流量条件下，试验观测量水槽进口到出口多个测流断面的水位，对机翼形量水槽和仿赛鸽翼截面曲线型量水槽自由出流工况下的水头损失、壅水高度、佛汝德数、临界比降等水力参数进行分析与对比。【结果】仿赛鸽翼截面曲线型量水槽平均测流误差为1.28%，具有较高的测流精度，满足规范要求；与机翼形量水槽相比，临界淹没工况：平均壅水高度、平均水头损失分别降低7.46%、5.81%；上游可形成平稳缓流，Fr均小于0.4；工作的最小渠道比降接近1/5000，临界淹没度最大值达0.933。【结论】通过仿生优化方法改善量水槽性能可行，仿赛鸽翼截面曲线型量水槽各项量水性能指标优良,可用于大多数支渠、斗渠、农渠量水，在一定程度上解决了平原灌区渠道量水槽淹没出流误差大、阻水严重、适用范围小等问题，具有非常好的应用前景。

关键词: 赛鸽翼;量水槽;壅水高度;水头损失;临界淹没度

DOI：

分类号:S274.4

基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(41761050)；吉林省科技厅重点科技研发项目(专项支持)(20180201036SF)；吉林省高校科技与社科“十三五”科研规划项目(JJKH20200629KJ)；内蒙古自治区水利建设基金项目(213-03-10-303002-nsk2018-M5)

Experimental Study on Bionic Optimization of Wing-shaped Flume in Rectangular Channel

LiuHongTao¹, QuZhongYi², XiangDanDan³

1.ChangChunGongChengXueYue;2.NeiMengGuNongYeDaXue ShuiLiYuTuMuJianZhuGongChengXueYuan;3.ChangCunGongChengXueYuan YanJiuShengYuan

Abstract:

【Objective】Exploring bionic technology to optimize wing-shaped measuring flume is expected to reduce the head loss through the measuring flume, improve the critical submergence degree, adapt to the channel with small gradient, and help the national water-saving action.【Method】Under 15 kinds of flow conditions, the water level of measuring flume from inlet to outlet was measured and observed, and the hydraulic parameters such as head loss, backwater height, Frude number and critical gradient of wing-shaped measuring flume and imitation pigeon wing section curve type measuring flume were analyzed and compared under the condition of free flow.【Result】The average flow measurement error of the imitation pigeon wing section curve type measuring flume is 1.28%, which has a high current measurement accuracy and meets the specification requirements; compared with the wing-shaped measuring flume: the critical submergence degree working condition, the average backwater height and the average head loss are reduced by 7.46% and 5.81% respectively; the upstream can form a smooth slow flow, Fr is less than 0.4; minimum channel gradient of work is close to 1/5000, and the critical submergence degree is 0.933.【Conclusion】It is feasible to improve the performance of the measuring flume through the bionic optimization method, and the water performance index of the imitation pigeon wing section curve type measuring flume is excellent. It can be used for most branch canals, bucket canals and agricultural canals to measure water, and to a certain extent, it solves the problems of large inundation outflow error, serious water obstruction and small scope of application of channels in the plain irrigation area, and has a very good application prospect.

Key words: racing pigeon wings; measuring flume; height of backwater; head loss; critical submergence degree