| 引用本文: | 庞婕,韩其晟,周爽,等.水气互作对温室番茄生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| pangjie,hanqisheng,zhoushuang,et al.水气互作对温室番茄生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 水气互作对温室番茄生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响 |
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庞婕1, 韩其晟1, 周爽1, 李欢欢1, 宋嘉雯1,2, 刘浩1
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1.中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所;2.塔里木大学
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】适宜的根区氧气含量和土壤水分状况对作物生长和产量形成有重要影响,探寻温室番茄适宜水气组合及加气阈值,可为温室番茄的高产提供理论基础及技术指导。【方法】试验采用微纳米气泡水结合地下滴灌系统,设置了井水对照(O1：3~5 mg.L-1)、15 mg.L-1(O2)和25 mg.L-1(O3)3个灌溉水溶解氧浓度,每种溶解氧浓度下均设置3种不同灌溉控制水平,土壤含水率分别控制在田间持水量的80%~100%(W1)、65%～85%(W2)和50%～70%(W3),共9个处理,研究不同水气组合对温室番茄的生长生理、产量和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】土壤水分状况极显著(p＜0.01)影响番茄的株高和茎粗,株高和茎粗均随土壤含水率的增大而增大,而溶解氧浓度对株高和茎粗均无显著性差异。土壤水分状况极显著影响了叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr),水气交互作用仅显著影响Pn和Tr,溶解氧浓度对叶片Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr均无显著影响。土壤水分状况和水气交互作用均显著影响植株干物质积累量,充分供水条件下,干物质累积量最大值出现在O2W1处理,其他水分处理下不同灌溉水溶解氧浓度之间均无显著性差异。土壤水分状况(p＜0.01)和溶解氧浓度(p＜0.05)均显著影响了根干物质量,根干物质量随土壤含水率和灌溉水溶解氧浓度的增加而增加。土壤水分状况(p＜0.01)和水气交互作用(p＜0.05)均对地上部干物质量有显著影响。土壤水分状况对植株根冠比有极显著影响,植株根冠比随着土壤含水量的增加呈先降低后增加的趋势,随溶解氧浓度的增大而增大。单株产量和水分利用效率(WUE)均随土壤含水率的降低而显著降低,产量随灌溉水溶解氧浓度的增大有先增大后减小的变化趋势,其中O2W1处理的单株产量最大(1.77 kg.株-1)；溶解氧浓度对WUE无显著影响,但水气交互作用对WUE产生了显著影响,在充分供水条件下(W1),与O1相比,O2和O3的WUE分别增加了26.8%和21.4%,且差异达到显著水平。【结论】加气灌溉对番茄生长有一定积极影响,对根系生长有明显的促进作用。充分供水条件下,加气灌溉可以提高产量和WUE,但在水分亏缺条件下,加气灌溉对产量和水分利用效率没有显著影响。从番茄的根冠协调生长、产量和水分利用效率方面考虑,O2W1处理即加气量为15 mg.L-1,灌水下限为田间持水量的80%时,可达到促进番茄生长和高产高效的协调统一。 |
| 关键词: 加气灌溉;微纳米气泡水;产量;水分利用效率;地下滴灌 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:A |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(51779259) |
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| Effects of water and air interaction on growth yield and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato |
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pangjie1, hanqisheng1, zhoushuang1, lihuanhuan1, songjiewen1,2, liuhao1
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1.Farmland Irrigation Research Institute;2.Tarim University
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】The suitable oxygen content in root zone and soil water condition have important influence on crop growth and yield . To explore the suitable water-air combination and aeration threshold range of greenhouse tomato can provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for high yield of greenhouse tomato. 【Method】Micro-nano bubble water combined with subsurface drip irrigation system was used in the experiment, and well water control (O1: The dissolved oxygen concentration of 3~5 mg.L-1), 15 mg.L-1 (O2) and 25 mg.L-1 (O3) for irrigation water, and three different irrigation control levels were set under each dissolved oxygen concentration. Soil moisture content was controlled at 80%~100% (W1), 65% ~ 85% (W2) and 50% ~ 70% (W3) of the field capacity, respectively. The effects of different combinations of water and air on growth, physiology,yield and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato were studied.【Result】Soil water status significantly affected plant height and stem diameter of tomato (P < 0.01), and both plant height and stem diameter increased with the increase of soil water content, while dissolved oxygen concentration had no significant difference in plant height and stem diameter. Soil water status had significant effects on leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr). Water-air interaction only had significant effects on Pn and Tr, while dissolved oxygen concentration had no significant effects on leaf Pn, Gs, Ci and Tr. Both soil water status and water-air interaction significantly affected plant dry matter accumulation. Under the condition of sufficient water supply, the maximum dry matter accumulation appeared in O2W1 treatment, while there was no significant difference in dissolved oxygen concentration of different irrigation water under other water treatment. Soil moisture status (P < 0.01) and dissolved oxygen concentration (P < 0.05) significantly affected the root dry matter amount, and the root dry matter amount increased with the increase of soil moisture content and dissolved oxygen concentration of irrigation water. Soil water status (P < 0.01) and water-air interaction (P < 0.05) had significant effects on dry matter amount of overshoot. Soil water status had a significant effect on the root shoot ratio, which decreased first and then increased with the increase of soil water content, and increased with the increase of dissolved oxygen concentration. The yield per plant and water use efficiency (WUE) decreased significantly with the decrease of soil moisture content, and the yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of dissolved oxygen concentration of irrigation water. The yield per plant under O2W1 treatment was the highest (1.77 kg. plant-1). The concentration of dissolved oxygen has no significant effect on WUE, but the water-air interaction has a significant effect on WUE. Under the condition of full water supply (W1), The WUE of O2 and O3 increases by 26.8% and 21.4%, respectively, compared with O1, and the difference reaches a significant level. 【Conclusion】Aerated irrigation had positive effects on tomato growth and promoted root growth obviously. Under the condition of full water supply, aerated irrigation can improve yield and WUE, but under the condition of water deficit, aerated irrigation has no significant effect on yield and WUE. In terms of coordinated root and crown growth, yield and water use efficiency of tomato, O2W1 treatment could achieve the coordination and unity of promoting tomato growth and high yield and efficiency when the gas was 15 mg.L-1 and the lower limit of irrigation was 80% of field water capacity. |
| Key words: aerated irrigation; Micro nano bubble water; Yield; Water use efficiency; Subsurface drip irrigation |
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