| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究适合海南地区辣椒高产高效的灌溉施肥模式。【方法】采用田间小区试验，设置了沟灌不施肥CK、沟灌常规用肥模式F1（N 470.70 kg/hm2 + P2O5 511.22 kg/hm2 + K2O 526.39 kg/hm2）、沟灌减肥模式F2（N 376.55 kg/hm2 + P2O5 314.83 kg/hm2 + K2O 526.39 kg/hm2）、膜下微喷灌减肥模式F3（N 376.55 kg/hm2 + P2O5 314.83 kg/hm2 + K2O 526.39 kg/hm2）4个处理，对比分析了不同灌溉施肥模式下辣椒的产量、光合、根系生长、养分积累、土壤的养分分布特征以及水肥利用情况。【结果】在土壤氮素和磷素本底值偏高的条件下，与F1处理相比， F2处理的辣椒产量、品质、根系生长、叶片光合作用和植株氮磷钾养分积累均无显著差异。相同施肥量情况下， F3处理辣椒的产量、叶片蒸腾速率、根长、根表面积、根体积、氮积累量、磷积累量和钾积累量分别较F2处理增加了8.03%、16.91%、60.69%、43.00%、40.37%、19.30%、14.19%、14.61%，但果实品质、叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度差异不显著。F2处理降低了收获后0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层中全氮、铵态氮、全磷和有效磷的含量，减少了氮和磷的表观盈余量，提高了氮肥偏生产力和磷肥偏生产力。与F2处理相比，F3处理提高了0~20 cm土层中全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、全磷和有效磷的含量，减少了氮和磷的表观盈余量，提高了灌溉水生产率。【结论】本试验中，采用膜下微喷灌减肥模式能提高辣椒的产量和水肥利用效率。 |
| 关键词: 辣椒；灌溉施肥模式；产量；土壤养分；水肥利用 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S365 |
| 基金项目:海南省省属科研院所技术开发专项（KYYS-2019-10）；海南省自然科学基金（20163085） |
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| Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization Modes on Yield, Water - Fertilizer Utilization and Soil Nutrient of Pepper in Hainan |
|
leifei
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Agricultural Environment and Soil Research Institute of Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| 【Background】Hainan is thought to be an important pepper production base for South-to-North vegetable transfer in China, while the pepper planters in Hainan still follows the traditional furrow fertigation method, which results in serious waste of water and fertilizer, leaching of soil nutrient, and environment pollution.【Objective】The objective of this paper is to explore the suitable irrigation of fertilization mode with high yield and high efficiency of pepper in Hainan. 【Method】The plot experiments were conducted to study the yield, quality, leaf photosynthesis, root growth, nutrient accumulation, soil nutrient distribution, and water and fertilizer utilization of pepper in four different irrigation and fertilization modes: furrow irrigation with no fertilizer (CK), furrow irrigation with conventional fertilization mode (F1, N 470.70 kg/hm2 + P2O5 511.22 kg/hm2 + K2O 526.39 kg/hm2), furrow irrigation with reduced fertilization mode (F2, N 376.55 kg/hm2 + P2O5 314.83 kg/hm2 + K2O 526.39 kg/hm2), micro-spray underneath the mulching film with reduced fertilization mode (F3, N 376.55 kg/hm2 + P2O5 314.83 kg/hm2 + K2O 526.39 kg/hm2)【Result】(1) Under the condition of high background values of soil nitrogen and phosphorus, compared with F1, there were no significant differences in yield, quality, root growth, leaf photosynthesis and plant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium accumulation in F2 treatment. (2) The yield, leaf transpiration rate, root length, root surface area, root volume, nitrogen accumulation, phosphorus accumulation and potassium accumulation of F3 treatment increased by 8.03%, 16.91%, 60.69%, 43.00%, 40.37%, 19.30%, 14.19% and 14.61% respectively compared with F2 treatment, while the fruit quality, leaf net photosynthesis rate, stomata conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration showed no significant differences. (3) Compared with F1, F2 treatment reduced the contents of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers after harvest, reduced the apparent surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus, and improved the partial factor productivity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. (4) Compared with F2, F3 treatment increased the contents of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus in 0~20 cm soil layer, reduced the apparent surplus of nitrogen and phosphorus, and improved the production rate of irrigation water.【Conclusion】under the condition of this study, micro-spray underneath the mulching film with reduced fertilization mode (F3) can improve the yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency of pepper. |
| Key words: pepper; irrigation and fertilization mode; yield; soil nutrient; water and fertilizer utilization |
