| 引用本文: | 时晴晴,王仰仁,李炎,等.有限供水条件下确定玉米灌水时间方法的研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,(10):-. |
| SHI Qingqing,WANG Yangren,LI Yan,et al.有限供水条件下确定玉米灌水时间方法的研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,(10):-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为了充分发挥自然降水的生产力，最大限度提高有限灌溉水资源利用效率，对灌溉预报中确定灌水时间的方法进行了研究。【方法】基于作物生长模型和土壤水热动态模拟模型，建立了产量与水分关系模型，利用山西省文峪河试验站2017-2020年玉米生长季试验资料，通过最小二乘法确定了模型参数。并利用该试验站1957-2018年气象数据按灌溉需水量从小到大的顺序做频率分析，确定了五个典型年（分别对应5%、25%、50%、75%和95%五个频率）；针对不同的灌水定额（45、75和105mm）和灌水次数（1、2、3、4和5次）组合，优化确定了相应的灌水时间，以累计有效降雨量为自变量，以考虑可供水量修正的累计蒸散量为因变量，分析构建了相邻两次灌水期间累计蒸散量和累计有效降水量的关系，基于该关系提出了确定灌水时间的K-M法；在此基础上，利用2009-2018年的气象资料做灌水模拟分析比较了3种方法（K-M法、动态灌水下限法和经验灌水法）的增产效益。【结果】结果表明，不同灌水定额下，累计蒸散量和累计有效降水量关系的相关系数均能达到0.92以上，表明该模型在年际间和不同灌水定额之间均有较好的适用性；随着灌水定额的增大，K-M法中参数M呈现增大的趋势，表明参数M一定程度上具有灌水定额的物理特性。【结论】基于产量、效益和用水效率三方面对三种确定灌水时间方法的评价表明，与经验灌水法相比，以K-M法最好，动态灌水下限法次之。 |
| 关键词: 玉米;灌水下限;K-M法;经验灌水法;限量灌溉 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S275 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学(51779174)；天津市科技计划项目(20YDTPJC01450) |
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| Study on Method of Determining Time of Maize Irrigation under Condition of Limited Water Supply |
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SHI Qingqing1, WANG Yangren1, LI Yan1, SHEN Xiaojun1, LI Jinyu2, LIU Hongwu2
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1.Tianjin Agricultural College,Tianjin;2.Shanxi Central Irrigation Test Station,Shanxi
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to give full play to the productivity of natural precipitation and efficient utilization of irrigation water, the method of determining the irrigation time in irrigation forecast is studied.【Method】A relationship model between yield and water was established based on the crop growth model and soil water-heat coupling model. The parameters of the model were determined by the least squares method based on the experimental data for maize at the Wenyuhe Experiment Station in Shanxi Province during the growing seasons 2017-2020. And use the meteorological data of the experimental station from 1957 to 2018 to do frequency analysis according to the order of irrigation water demand from small to large, and determine five typical years (corresponding to five frequencies of 5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 95% respectively). According to the combination of different irrigation quotas (45, 75 and 105 mm) and irrigation times (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 times), the corresponding irrigation time is optimized. The relationship between cumulative evapotranspiration and cumulative precipitation during two adjacent irrigation periods was constructed. The K-M method for determining the irrigation time was proposed based on the relationship between cumulative evapotranspiration and cumulative precipitation. On this basis, the meteorological data from 2009 to 2018 were used for irrigation simulation to analyze and compare the yield-increasing benefits of three methods (K-M method, dynamic irrigation water limit method and empirical irrigation method). 【Result】The correlation coefficients between the cumulative evapotranspiration and the cumulative effective precipitation under different irrigation quotas more than 0.92, the model has a wide applicability under different irrigation quotas during the different hydrological year；With the increase of the irrigation quota, the parameter M in the K-M method shows an increasing trend, the parameter of M has the physical characteristics of the irrigation quota to a certain extent. 【Conclusion】The evaluation of three methods for determining irrigation time based on yield, benefit and water use efficiency showed that compared with the empirical irrigation method, the K-M method was the best, followed by the dynamic irrigation water limit method. |
| Key words: corn; limited irrigation water; K-M method; empirical irrigation method; limited irrigation |
