| 引用本文: | 吴 汉,吴 含,钱 娜,等.间歇灌溉下直播水稻与移栽水稻的产量及水分利用差异[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,():-. |
| Wu Han,Wu Han,Qian Na,et al.间歇灌溉下直播水稻与移栽水稻的产量及水分利用差异[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,():-. |
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| 间歇灌溉下直播水稻与移栽水稻的产量及水分利用差异 |
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吴 汉1, 吴 含1, 钱 娜1, 柯 健2
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1.安徽省淠史杭灌区管理总局 安徽省淠史杭灌区灌溉试验总站;2.安徽农业大学 农学院
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| 摘要: |
| 研究间歇灌溉下移栽水稻与直播水稻的产量及水分利用差异,为水稻高产及水资源配置提供依据。于2018年 – 2019年连续两年在间歇灌溉(II)条件下设置了移栽(PTR)和直播(DSR)两种水稻种植方式,并以传统淹灌(FI)为对照,研究间歇灌溉条件下不同种植方式对水稻产量及水分利用的影响。试验结果表明,间歇灌溉下直播水稻(II+DSR)的产量为10.48 – 12.25 t.hm-2,与传统淹灌下直播水稻(FI+DSR)的无显著差异,而较移栽水稻(FI+PTR,II+PTR)显著下降。与移栽水稻相比,直播水稻的有效穗数有所增加,而穗粒数、结实率、千粒重显著下降。与传统淹灌相比,间歇灌溉显著减少了8.07 – 10.12 %的需水量。间歇灌溉下直播水稻(II+DSR)的需水量为555.8 – 628.9 mm,较间歇灌溉下移栽水稻(II+PTR)增加了40.1 – 53.8 mm,较传统淹灌下移栽水稻(FI+PTR)减少了8.7 – 17.0 mm。直播水稻需水量的增加主要是由于苗期需水量的增加,而分蘖期需水量与移栽水稻无显著差异,拔节后的需水量显著下降。间歇灌溉的水分生产率较传统淹灌显著提高。此外,与II+PTR相比,II+DSR的水分生产率显著下降了12.71 – 24.69 %。然而灌溉水利用效率不同年份间的无明显规律。本研究认为,在间歇灌溉下,直播水稻较移栽水稻显著增加了需水量,主要是由于苗期需水量的增加,而拔节后需水减少,穗粒数、结实率、千粒重显著下降,从而降低了产量,水分生产率显著下降。 |
| 关键词: 间歇灌溉;直播;移栽;需水量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S274; S511 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effects of Different Cropping Methods on Rice Yield and Water Use under Intermittent Irrigation |
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Wu Han1, Wu Han1, Qian Na1, Ke Jian2
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1.Irrigation Experiment Central Station of Pishihang Irrigation District of Anhui Province,General Administration of Pishihang Irrigation District of Anhui Province,Lu’an;2.College of Agronomy,Anhui Agricultural University
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| Abstract: |
| To study the differences in yield and water use of transplanted rice and direct-seeded rice under intermittent irrigation, and to provide a basis for improving water resources scheduling in irrigation districts. A experiment was performed to investigate the effects of two rice cultivation methods (puddled transplanted rice(PTR) and direct-seeding rice(DSR)) on rice yield and water use under intermittent irrigation(II) in 2018 and 2019, traditional flooding irrigation(FI) were established as control. The experimental results showed that the yield of direct-seeded rice under intermittent irrigation (II + DSR) was 10.48 - 12.25 t.hm-2, which was not significantly different from that of direct-seeded rice under traditional flooding irrigation(FI + DSR), but decreased significantly than puddled transplanted rice (FI + PTR, II + PTR). Compared with PTR, the effective panicles of direct-seeded rice increased, while the number of panicles, seed setting rate and thousand-grain weight decreased significantly. Compared with traditional flood irrigation, intermittent irrigation significantly reduced water demand by 8.07 - 10.12 %. The water requirement of II + DSR is 555.8 - 628.9 mm, which is 40.1 - 53.8 mm more than that of II + PTR, and decreased by 8.7 -17.0 mm compared with FI + PTR. The increase in evapotranspiration (ET) of direct seeding rice was mainly due to the increase in ET at seedling stage, while the ET at tillering stage was not significantly different from that of transplanted rice, and the ET after panicle differentiation decreased significantly. The water productivity of intermittent irrigation is significantly higher than that of traditional flood irrigation. In addition, compared with II + PTR, the water productivity of II + DSR decreased significantly by 12.71 - 24.69 %. However, there is no obvious pattern of irrigation water use efficiency in different years. This study believes that under intermittent irrigation, direct seedling rice significantly increases water demand compared to transplanted rice, mainly due to increased water demand at seedling stage and reduced water demand after ear differentiation, which results in the number of spikelets, seed set rate, Thousand kernel weight decreased significantly, thereby reducing yield and water productivity significantly. |
| Key words: Intermittent Irrigation; Direct Seeding; Transplanting; Evapotranspiration |
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