| 引用本文: | 陈盛,黄达,章二子,等.秸秆隔层还田及水氮管理对土壤无机氮量及酶活性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| Chen Sheng,Huang Da,Zhang Erzi,et al.秸秆隔层还田及水氮管理对土壤无机氮量及酶活性的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】秸秆是农业生态系统中宝贵的生物质资源，资源总量丰富，利用潜力巨大，其中秸秆还田为最主要利用方式。研究确定秸秆隔层埋深以及最优的水氮组合，为秸秆还田资源化高效利用提供理论支撑和应用依据。【方法】通过小区试验，研究不同秸秆埋深（表面覆盖、埋深20 cm、埋深30 cm）配合不同灌水量（80%Iw、Iw、120%Iw）和不同施氮量（180、225、270 kg/hm2）下，番茄不同生育期时土壤无机氮量及和酶活性的影响，对比分析秸秆埋深、灌水量和施氮量耦合作用下对土壤中铵态氮、硝态氮量和脲酶、蔗糖酶及过氧化氢酶活性变化规律和影响效果。【结果】上层土壤铵态氮和硝态氮量随时间呈显著下降趋势（P＜0.05），下层土壤铵态氮和硝态氮量随时间呈显著上升趋势（P＜0.05）；上层土壤脲酶活性随时间呈先显著下降后显著上升的趋势（P＜0.05），下层土壤脲酶活性呈先不变后显著上升的趋势（P＜0.05）；上、下层土壤蔗糖酶活性均呈现显著下降的趋势（P＜0.05）；上、下层土壤过氧化氢酶活性变化不显著（P＞0.05）；施氮量和秸秆埋深显著影响上层土壤铵态氮和硝态氮量（P＜0.05），高施氮量和秸秆埋深20 cm可显著提升上层土壤铵态氮和硝态氮量（P＜0.05）；灌水量对下层土壤的铵态氮和硝态氮量影响显著（P＜0.05），增加灌水量有利于上层土壤铵态氮和硝态氮向下层土壤运移；秸秆埋深对上、下层土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性均影响显著（P＜0.05），秸秆埋深20 cm可有效提升上、下层土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性。【结论】秸秆埋深20 cm具有较优保水保肥作用。综合考虑土壤无机氮量、酶活性、作物生长特点和节水需求，当前水肥管理模式下，秸秆埋深20 cm，灌水量80%Iw，施氮量270 kg/hm2为最优组合。 |
| 关键词: 秸秆隔层还田；铵态氮；硝态氮；脲酶；蔗糖酶；过氧化氢酶 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S156.4 |
| 基金项目:(5210090061)、 中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2021M690873)、广西建筑新能源与节能重点实验室(桂科能22-J-21-8) |
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| Effects of Straw Interlayer Returning and Water and Nitrogen Management on Soil Inorganic Nitrogen Content and Enzyme Activities |
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Chen Sheng1, Huang Da1, Zhang Erzi2, Zhu Jianbin1, Guo Xiangping1
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1.Hohai university;2.Nanjing Jiangning Water Authority
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Straw is a valuable biomass energy resource in agricultural ecosystem, which is rich in total resources and has great potential for utilization.The buried depth of straw isolation layer and the optimal combination of water and nitrogen were studied to provide theoretical support and application basis for efficient utilization of straw returning to field.【Method】The effects of soil inorganic nitrogen and enzyme activities at different growth stages of tomato were studied under different straw burial depth (surface covering, burial depth 20 cm, burial depth 30 cm) with different irrigation amount (80%Iw, Iw , 120%Iw) and different nitrogen application rate (180 kg/hm2, 225 kg/hm2, 270 kg/hm2) by plot experiment，and the changes and effects of straw burial depth, irrigation amount and nitrogen fertilizer amount on the contents of NH4+-N and NO3--N and the activities of urease, sucrase and catalase in soil were compared and analyzed.【Result】The contents of NH4+-N and NO3--N in the upper soil decreased significantly with time (P < 0.05), while the contents of NH4+-N and NO3--N in the the lower soil increased significantly with time (P < 0.05);The urease activity in the upper soil was firstly significantly decreased and then significantly increased with time (P < 0.05), while the urease activity in the the lower soil was firstly unchanged and then significantly increased with time (P < 0.05);The sucrase activity in the upper and lower soil showed a significant downward trend (P < 0.05);There was no significant change in catalase activity in the upper and lower soil layers (P > 0.05);Nitrogen application rate and straw burial depth significantly affected the contents of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the upper soil (P < 0.05), and high nitrogen application rate and straw burial depth of 20 cm significantly increased the contents of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the upper soil (P < 0.05);The amount of irrigation had a significant effect on the contents of NH4+-N and NO3--N in the lower soil (P < 0.05),and increasing the amount of irrigation was beneficial to the transport of NH4+-N and NO3--N from the upper soil to the lower soil;The buried depth of straw had significant effects on the activities of urease, sucrase and catalase in the upper and lower soil (P < 0.05), and the buried depth of straw 20 cm could effectively improve the activities of urease, sucrase and catalase in the upper and lower soil.【Conclusion】Straw burial depth of 20cm had better effect on water and fertilizer conservation.Considering soil inorganic nitrogen content, enzyme activity, crop growth characteristics and water saving requirements, straw burial depth 20 cm, irrigation amount 80%IW and nitrogen application amount 270 kg/hm2 was the optimal combination under the current water and fertilizer management mode. |
| Key words: Straw interlayer returning; NH4+-N;NO3--N;Urease;Sucrase;Catalase |
