| 引用本文: | 赵金科,徐学欣,曲文凯,等.不同时期水氮处理对滴灌冬小麦 旗叶光合特性、保护酶活性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,():-. |
| ZHAO Jinke,XU Xuexin,QU Wenkai,et al.不同时期水氮处理对滴灌冬小麦 旗叶光合特性、保护酶活性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,():-. |
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| 不同时期水氮处理对滴灌冬小麦 旗叶光合特性、保护酶活性及产量的影响 |
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赵金科, 徐学欣, 曲文凯, 刘帅, 徐宇凡, 孟繁港, 贾靖, 赵长星
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山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室
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| 摘要: |
| 摘 要：【目的】为探究华北东部地区高效的水氮管理措施，明确按需滴灌下水氮处理对冬小麦旗叶光合特性、衰老特性及产量的影响。【方法】本文以“济麦22”为试验材料，滴灌条件下设置了N1（180 kg/hm2）、N2（210 kg/hm2）两种施氮梯度，S2（拔节期、开花期）、S3（拔节期、开花期和灌浆期）两种按需滴灌时期组合处理，氮肥溶于水中于各时期等量均施。以传统灌溉施肥方式（施氮量240 kg/hm2，播前底施90 kg/hm2，拔节期追施150 kg/hm2后畦灌，开花期畦灌）为对照（CK），于2019~2021年两年度小麦生长季开展大田试验，系统研究了按需滴灌水肥一体化模式下不同生育时期水氮处理对冬小麦旗叶光合及衰老特性、产量形成及水氮利用的影响。【结果】与CK相较，不同时期滴灌水肥处理提高了冬小麦旗叶的LAI、SPAD、净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）和蒸腾速率（Tr），在降低丙二醛（MDA）量的同时提高了超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性，籽粒灌浆速率、千粒质量、产量及水肥利用效率亦有显著提高。滴灌条件下，相同滴灌频次，施氮量由N1增加至N2，灌溉水利用效率（IUE）无显著变化但氮肥偏生产力（PFPn）显著降低；相同施氮量，S3较S2的IUE有所降低，但显著提高了千粒质量和产量，PFPn有所提高但无显著差异。【结论】在按需滴灌水肥一体化条件下，N1S3（施氮量180 kg/hm2，拔节、开花期和灌浆期3次灌溉）处理有效延缓了小麦开花中后期叶片衰老和光合性能的下降，提高了籽粒灌浆速率。与CK相较，N1S3处理的千粒质量平均提高了5.3%，产量平均提高了6.2%，氮肥偏生产力PFPn及IUE分别平均提高了42.1%和44.8%。综合考虑作物生长性状、产量及水肥利用效率，N1S3是最佳的水肥管理模式，可作为华北平原东部地区滴灌水肥一体化节水节氮的高产灌溉施肥方式。
关 键 词：滴灌水肥一体化；冬小麦；光合特性；衰老特性；产量 |
| 关键词: 滴灌水肥一体化;冬小麦;光合特性;衰老特性;产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S512.11 |
| 基金项目: |
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| Effects of Water - nitrogen Treatment on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Protective Enzyme Activity and Yield of Flag Leaves of Drip-irrigated Winter Wheat at Different Stages |
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ZHAO Jinke, XU Xuexin, QU Wenkai, LIU Shuai, XU Yufan, MENG Fangang, JIA Jing, ZHAO Changxing
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Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry Farming Agricultural Technology,College of Agriculture,Qingdao Agricultural University
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract:【Objective】The objective is to explore high-efficiency water and fertilizer measures and clarify the effects of the water-nitrogen coupling under on-demand drip irrigation.【Method】A field experiment was conducted with N1 (180 kg/hm2) and N2 (210 kg/hm2) two N application amounts, and S2 (jointing, anthesis), S3 (jointing, anthesis, filling) two irrigation-stage combinations, two factors constitute treatments with the traditional irrigation and fertilization method (240 kg/hm2 total nitrogen application, border irrigation at jointing and anthesis stages, with topdressing N 150 kg/hm2 at jointing stage) as control (CK) to study the characteristics of photosynthesis and senescence of winter wheat flag leaf and yield formation and water-nitrogen use efficiency under water and nitrogen coupling with two years of 2019 and 2021. High-yielding wheat variety (Jimai 22) was selected to be studied. 【Result】The results showed that the drip irrigation water-nitrogen treatment at different stages increased the LAI, SPAD, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of winter wheat flag leaves, and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) while reducing the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the grain filling rate, 1000 grain quality, yield and water-fertilizer use efficiency were also significantly improved compared with CK. Under drip irrigation conditions, the nitrogen application rate increased from N1 to N2 at the same drip irrigation frequency, and there was no significant change in irrigation water use efficiency (IUE) but significant decrease in nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity (PFPn); Under the same nitrogen application rate, the IUE of S3 was reduced compared with S2, but the 1000 grain quality and yield were significantly improved, also PFPn but no significantly.【Conclusion】Under the condition of precise drip irrigation from 0~20 cm soil layer to 100% relative water content, the decline of photosynthetic characteristics and senescence characteristics of flag leaf were effectively delayed, the grain weight was enhanced caused grain filling rate being promoted significantly in the middle-late anthesis by the N1S3 (nitrogen application rate of 180 kg/hm2, 3 times irrigation at jointing, anthesis and filling). Compared with CK, grain quality increased by 5.3%, yield increased by 6.2%, nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity (PFPn) and irrigation water use efficiency (IUE) increased by 42.1% and 44.8%, respectively. Considering crop growth traits, yield, IUE and PFPn, N1S3 is the best water and fertilizer management mode, which can be used as a water-nitrogen saving irrigation fertilization method for drip irrigation and fertilizer to reach high-yield in the eastern part of North China Plain.
Key Words: drip irrigation integration of water and fertilizer; winter wheat; photosynthetic characteristics; senescence characteristics; yield |
| Key words: drip irrigation integration of water and fertilizer; winter wheat; photosynthetic characteristics; senescence characteristics; yield |
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