| 引用本文: | 冯 棣,郭桂莲,焦 钰,等.咸水灌溉下生物炭用量对油葵出苗及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| feng di,guo guilian,jiao yu,et al.咸水灌溉下生物炭用量对油葵出苗及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
|
| |
|
|
| 本文已被：浏览 617次 下载 0次 |
|
|
|
| 咸水灌溉下生物炭用量对油葵出苗及产量的影响 |
|
冯 棣1, 郭桂莲2, 焦 钰2, 唐玉海2, 张敬敏2, 祝海燕2, 亓 娜3
|
|
1.山东省高校设施园艺重点实验室/ 潍坊科技学院 贾思勰农学院;2.山东省高校设施园艺重点实验室/ 潍坊科技学院 农学与环境学院;3.天津天隆科技股份有限公司
|
|
| 摘要: |
| 【目的】为探究咸水灌溉下生物炭适宜用量，提高咸水利用效率。【方法】本文以油葵为研究对象，设计了室内出苗试验与大田试验。室内试验设0、10、20、40、80 g/kg共5种生物炭用量土壤基质及1种营养土基质，分别采用0.6、2.1、3.6、5.1、6.6 g/L的咸水灌溉，调查油葵的出苗率和幼苗株高；大田试验设0、1、3、5 kg/m2共4种生物炭用量处理，分别标记为C0、C1、C3、C5，采用5.1 g/L咸水滴灌，以滴头正下方20 cm处土壤基质势为-25 kPa灌水下限，灌水定额10 mm，调查油葵生长情况及土壤水分动态。【结果】不高于5.1 g/L的咸水灌溉不会显著降低油葵出苗率；当灌溉水矿化度达到6.6 g/L时除营养土处理出苗率未受影响外，其余处理出现不同程度降低，仅80 g/kg处理降幅（12.5%）达到显著水平（P<0.05）；营养土处理的幼苗株高高于所有生物炭处理，在生物炭处理中20 g/kg处理的幼苗株高最高。大田试验结果表明，施用5 kg/m2以内用量的生物炭未对0～60 cm土层土壤盐度均值产生明显影响，但随着土壤盐度增加，施加生物炭的处理在10～20 cm土层出现降盐效应；与C0相比，C1、C3和C5处理的花盘直径、地上部各器官干物质量及籽粒产量均显著（P<0.05）增加，其中花盘直径增幅最小分别为8.9%、25.3%和25.3%，叶片干物质量增幅最大依次为35.4%、99.5%和150.8%。与C0相比，C1、C3和C5处理的产量分别增加31.2%、91.6%和93.3%，C3与C5处理之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。【结论】综上，油葵在使用咸水灌溉育苗时应使用营养土作为基质，移栽后生物炭施用量为3 kg/m2时可以获得高产和高咸水利用效率。该研究可为使用生物炭提高咸水滴灌油葵产量提供技术参考。 |
| 关键词: 油葵；滴灌；咸水；生物炭；产量 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S513；S156.42 |
| 基金项目:山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2021ME154)；国家自然科学基金青年项目(52109059)。 |
|
| Effects of biochar on the emergence and yield of oil sunflower under saline water irrigation |
|
feng di,guo guilian,jiao yu,et al
|
|
1.Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong/ Weifang University of Science and Technology;2.Tianjin Tianlong Technology Corporation Limited
|
| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to explore the suitable dosage of biochar under saline water irrigation, to improve the utilization efficiency of saline water. 【Method】In this study, oil sunflower as the research crop, the laboratory seedling experiment and field test were designed. In the laboratory experiment, 1 kind of nutrient soil substrate (NSS) and 5 kinds of soil substrate mixed with biochar (SSMB) at the levels of 0, 10, 20, 40, 80 g/kg, were set. And 0.6, 2.1, 3.6, 5.1 and 6.6 g/L saline water were applied, respectively. The emergence rate and seedling height of oil sunflower were investigated. In the field test, 4 biochar dosages of 0, 1, 3 and 5 kg/m2 were set, labeled as C0, C1, C3 and C5, respectively. 5.1 g/L saline water was drip irrigated, and irrigation was triggered when the soil matrix potential at 20 cm directly below the emitter lower than -25 kPa, and the irrigation quota is 10 mm. Growth of oil sunflower and dynamics of soil moisture and salt were investigated. 【Result】The results showed that emergence rate of oil sunflower had no significant decline when the salinity of irrigation water not higher than 5.1 g/L. when the salinity of irrigation water reached 6.6 g/L, except the emergence rate of NSS treatment was not affected, all the SSMB treatments were inhibited, while only the decline of 80 g/kg treatment (12.5%) was significant (P<0.05). The seedling height of NSS was higher than all SSMB treatments, and the highest seedling height occurred in the 20 g/kg treatment. Field test results showed that the final soil electrical conductivity of water solution with soil-water mass ratio of 1:5 increased by 56.9±1.2% compared with the initial value. Biochar used within 5 kg/m2 had no significant effect on soil salinity mean value within 0～60 cm soil layer. But as the soil salinity increased, the treatments of applied biochar had a salt-lowering effect in the soil layer of 10～20 cm. Compared with C0 treatment, the diameter of oil sunflower head, dry matter mass and grain yield of C1, C3 and C5 treatments all increased significantly(P<0.05). The smallest increment with 8.9%, 25.3% and 25.3% occurred in the the diameter of oil sunflower head. The biggest increment with 35.4%, 99.5% and 150.8% occurred in dry mass of leaves. Compared with C0 treatment, the grain yield of C1, C3 and C5 treatment increased by 31.2%, 91.6%, and 93.3%, respectively, with no significant difference between C3 and C5 treatment (P> 0.05). 【Conclusion】Nutrient soil should be used as the substrate when using saline water irrigation for cultivation of seedling. And high yield and high saline water utilization rate can be obtained when the dosage of biochar is 3 kg/m2 after seedling transplanting. This study can provide technical reference for using biochar to improve the yield of oil sunflower under drip irrigation with saline water. |
| Key words: Oil sunflower; drip irrigation; saline water; biochar; yield |
|
|
|
|
