引用本文: | 马菊花,黄彩霞,李亚珍,等.秸秆覆盖量及方式对马铃薯耗水特性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| majuhua,huangcaixia,liyazhen,et al.秸秆覆盖量及方式对马铃薯耗水特性及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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摘要: |
【目的】探明覆盖对黄土高原旱作区马铃薯耗水规律、水分利用效率及产量的影响,【方法】以传统露地平作种植为对照(CK),设地膜覆盖(PM)、高垄秸秆局部高覆盖量(RSM9)、高垄秸秆局部低覆盖量(RSM6)、平作秸秆局部高覆盖量(PSM9)、平作秸秆局部低覆盖量(PSM6)、秸秆全覆盖(FC)的种植模式,共7个处理。【结果】1)与CK相比,秸秆局部覆盖处理薯块产量和WUE分别平均提高11.8%~21.7%、15.9%~26.7%;局部覆盖处理间,与平作秸秆局部覆盖处理(PSM)相比,高垄秸秆局部覆盖处理(RSM)薯块产量和WUE分别平均提高1.5%和1.7%;与秸秆局部高覆盖量(9 000 kg/hm2)处理相比,秸秆局部低覆盖量(6 000 kg/hm2)处理薯块产量和WUE分别平均提高6.1%和6.5%。2)与CK相比,秸秆局部覆盖处理有增墒和降墒的双重效应,且增墒点次远多于降墒点次;局部覆盖各处理间土壤贮水量均表现为RSM6处理>PSM6处理>RSM9处理>PSM9处理。3)与CK相比,秸秆局部覆盖处理马铃薯块茎形成-淀粉积累期的耗水量、日耗水强度及耗水模系数分别高4.6 mm、0.11 mm/d、2.7%;局部覆盖处理间,块茎膨大-收获期耗水特征均表现为RSM处理>PSM处理,而在播种-块茎膨大期为PSM处理>RSM处理。【结论】秸秆局部覆盖通过降低块茎膨大期前耗水,增加块茎膨大期后耗水,平衡马铃薯关键生育时期耗水需求,促进马铃薯生长发育达到增产效果。因此,在马铃薯覆盖栽培模式中,推荐高垄秸秆局部覆盖(RSM)+6 000 kg/hm2的覆盖量为最优种植模式。 |
关键词: 秸秆局部覆盖;平作;高垄;耗水特性;马铃薯 |
DOI: |
分类号:S532;S152 |
基金项目:甘肃农业大学青年导师扶持(GAU-QDFC-2019-09),国家自然科学(31960380),甘肃农业大学水利水电工程学院青年教师科技创新(SLXY-NQ-2020-02) |
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Effects of straw mulching amount and ridge height on water consumption and yield of potato |
majuhua1, huangcaixia2, liyazhen2, yangyong2, chenzhipi3, lihongcai4, liyongjun3, huliangliang2, wanglonglong2, zhangqian2
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1.College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University,;2.College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Gansu Agricultural University,;3.Dingxi Hydraulic Research Institute;4.Dingxi Water Resources Bureau
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Abstract: |
【Objective】Proven high ridge, the culture local coverage model and straw mulching on the loess plateau dry potato water consumption, water use efficiency and yield. 【Method】Based on the traditional flat-planting (CK) as contrast, seven treatments were set, including film mulching (PM), local high mulching of high-ridge straw (RSM9), local low mulching of high-ridge straw (RSM6), local high mulching of plain straw (PSM9), local low mulching of plain straw (PSM6), and full mulching of straw (FC). 【Result】1) Compared with CK, the yield and WUE of potato chips increased by 11.8%~21.7% and 15.9%~26.7%, respectively. Compared with the flat straw partial mulching (PSM), the yield and WUE of potato chips in the high-ridge straw partial mulching (RSM) increased by 1.5% and 1.7%, respectively. compared with the straw local high mulch (9 000 kg/hm2) treatment, the potato block yield and WUE of the straw local low mulch (6 000 kg/hm2) treatment were increased by 6.1% and 6.5%, respectively. 2) Compared with CK, straw local mulching treatment had the double effects of increasing soil moisture and reducing soil moisture, and the number of increasing soil moisture was much more than the number of decreasing soil moisture. The soil water storage among the local mulching treatments were RSM6 treatment>PSM6 treatment>RSM9 treatment>PSM9 treatment. 3) Compared with CK, the water consumption, daily water consumption intensity and water consumption model coefficient of potato tuber formation and starch accumulation stage in straw partial mulching treatment were 4.6 mm, 0.11 mm/d and 2.7% higher, respectively. The characteristics of water consumption during tuber expansion and harvest were RSM>PSM, and PSM>RSM during soil-tuber expansion. 【Conclusion】Straw mulching can reduce the water consumption before tuber expansion stage, increase the water consumption after tuber expansion stage, balance the water consumption demand during potato key growth stage, and promote potato growth and development to achieve the effect of yield increase. Therefore, in tne potato mulch cultivation mode, it is recommended that the mulch quantity of high-ridge straw partial mulch (RSM)+6 000 kg/hm2 is the optimal planting mode. |
Key words: local straw mulching; The culture; High ridge; Water consumption characteristics; The potato |