| 引用本文: | 王蔚杰,张晓燕,王发东.不同灌溉施肥对基质栽培番茄产量、品质及水肥利用率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| WANG Weijie,ZHANG Xiaoyan,WANG Fadong.不同灌溉施肥对基质栽培番茄产量、品质及水肥利用率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探讨不同灌溉施肥对设施番茄生长、产量、品质及水肥利用率的影响，筛选适合河西干旱区日光温室番茄栽培的最佳灌溉施肥模式。【方法】采用基质（玉米秸秆50%+炉渣30%+牛粪20%+生物菌）栽培方式，共设4个处理：农户模式T0（施肥量N2.73 kg/hm2-P2O51.40 kg/hm2-K2O3.33 kg/hm2，灌水量26.67 m3/hm2）、常规模式T1（施肥量N1.93 kg/hm2-P2O50.67 kg/hm2-K2O2.67 kg/hm2，灌水量20.00 m3/hm2）、优化模式T2（与T1相比，水肥均下浮10%）和T3（与T1相比，水肥均上浮10%）。【结果】不同灌溉施肥模式可显著影响番茄产量、品质和水肥利用率。与T0处理相比，随施肥量和灌水量减少，番茄生物量、氧化酶活性、脯氨酸、品质、产量及水肥利用率呈先增后减的变化趋势，即T3处理最高，T1处理次之，T0处理最低，且T3处理与T0处理间差异显著。丙二醛含量以T0处理为最高，商品率以T3处理最大（87%）；T3处理糖酸比5.13，风味最好。T1、T2、T3处理比T0处理显著增产3.6%~27.8%，以T3处理产量最高，达677.73 kg/hm2。T3处理灌溉水分利用率、肥料偏生产力最大，分别为30.8 kg/m3、116.9 kg/kg。【结论】施肥量N2.13 kg/hm2-P2O50.73 kg/hm2-K2O2.93 kg/hm2与灌水量22.00 m3/hm2的T3模式效果最佳，协调促进番茄植株生长，有利于提高果实品质、产量及水肥利用率。 |
| 关键词: 设施番茄；灌溉施肥；产量；品质；水肥利用率 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S641.2 |
| 基金项目:甘肃省现代农业科技支撑体系区域创新中心重点科技项目（2020GAAS02） |
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| Effects of different irrigation and fertilization on yield, quality and water-fertilizer utilization efficiency of protected tomato |
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WANG Weijie, ZHANG Xiaoyan, WANG Fadong
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Jinchang Academy of Agriculture
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】 This study explored the effects of different irrigation and fertilization on the plant growth, yield, quality and water-fertilizer utilization efficiency of protected tomato, to select the best irrigation and fertilization mode suitable for tomato cultivation in Solar Greenhouse in Hexi arid area. 【Method】 Substrate (50% corn straw + 30% slag + 20% cow dung + biological bacteria）cultivation method was adopted. Four treatments were set, including the farmer model T0 as control (the fertilization amounts were N2.73 kg/hm2-P2O51.40 kg/hm2-K2O3.33 kg/hm2, and the water amount was 26.67 m3/hm2), conventional model T1 (the fertilization amounts were N1.93 kg/hm2-P2O50.67 kg/hm2- K2O2.67 kg/hm2, and the water amount was 20.00 m3/hm2), optimized mode T2 (Compared with T1, water and fertilizer are all down by 10%) and T3 (Compared with T1, water and fertilizer are all up by 10%). 【Result】 The results showed that the different irrigation and fertilization could significantly affect the yield, quality and water-fertilizer utilization efficiency of tomato. Compared with T0 treatment, with the decrease of fertilization amount and irrigation water amount, the values of tomato biomass, oxidase activity, proline, quality indexes, yield and water-fertilizer utilization efficiency firstly increased and then decreased. That is, the values reached the highest under T3 treatment, T1 treatment followed, and the lowest under T0 treatment, with significant difference between T3 treatment and T0 treatment. Malondialdehyde content in T0 treatment was the highest, but the highest commercial rate was in T3 treatment (87%). The flavor was the best when the ratio of soluble sugar/ organic acids was 5.13 in T3 treatment. Compared with T0 treatment, the yields of T1、T2、T3 treatments were increased 3.6%~27.8%. The yield of T3 treatment was the highest (677.73 kg/hm2). Irrigation water use efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity in T3 treatment were the highest, which were 30.8 kg/m3 and 116.9 kg/kg, respectively. 【Conclusion】 T3 treatment (the fertilization amounts were N2.13 kg/hm2-P2O50.73 kg/hm2-K2O 2.93 kg/hm2, and the water amount was 22.00 m3/hm2) was the optimal treatment, coordinated promoting the growth of tomato plants, and improving fruit quality, yield and water-fertilizer utilization efficiency. |
| Key words: protected tomato; irrigation and fertilization; yield; quality; water and fertilizer utilization efficiency |
