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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】探究水肥滴灌调控种植对东北酸菜用大白菜品质及产量的影响。【方法】试验设灌溉方式和施肥配比2个因素，重点研究大白菜的感官品质改变和乳酸发酵效果。应用物联网云平台对大白菜全生长周期和水肥调控过程中重要的土壤和环境参量进行实时监测，依据土壤基础养分和大白菜在不同生长阶段的吸肥规律，参照氮磷钾传感器的实时传感信息，调整水肥配比和钾肥施用量。通过对大白菜品质、含糖度以及乳酸发酵进程的对比分析，系统检验大白菜水肥滴灌调控种植效果。【结果】对照试验表明水肥滴灌可避免地下水漫灌给大白菜带来的低温“冷激”副作用，减少病害，有利于提高产量。与传统种植相比，滴灌种植节水40%，节肥50%，大白菜具有株高均匀、菜心饱满紧实、净菜率高、无病害的品质，平均每667m2产量达5000kg，比对照组增产25%，纯收益增加90%；在本文设置的调控种植条件下，大白菜含糖度较对照组平均提高了20.6%，经乳酸发酵对比试验，滴灌种植大白菜的酸菜出菜率比对照组提高2.5%，在酸菜发酵过程中酸度pH值下降明显加快，相较于对照组提前24h达到发酵成熟，压缩发酵周期约3%，有助于提高发酵效率和节能降耗。【结论】综合运用测土配方、水溶复配肥滴灌、土壤养分在线监测以及结球期调控钾肥等种植方法可实现酸菜专用高品质大白菜的规格化种植。 |
| 关键词: 东北酸菜;乳酸发酵;大白菜;水肥滴灌;调控种植 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S634.1；S275.6；TP274 |
| 基金项目:中央地方引导项目(SBZY2021E006)；国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202110212007) |
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| Research on Improving the Quality and Yield of Chinese Cabbage for Pickling by Regulating Cultivation with Drip Fertilization |
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| Abstract: |
| Abstract：【Objective】To study the effects on quality and yield of Chinese Cabbage by using of drip fertilization and regulating cultivation for northeast pickled cabbage.【Method】Two factors were designed for comparative tests, irrigation method and fertilization ratio respectively, the changes of sensory quality and the effects of lactic acid in fermentation were focused researched on Chinese cabbage. The important soil and environmental parameters were monitored in real time during the whole growth cycle of Chinese cabbage and drip fertilization regulating cultivation by internet of things cloud platform, according to the nutrients data of the soil and the law of fertilizer absorption in different growth stages of Chinese cabbage, the ratio of drip fertilization and the amount of potassium fertilizer usage were adjusted. The effects of drip fertilization and regulating cultivation were checkout systematically through the comparative analysis of the quality, sugar content and lactic acid in fermentation process of Chinese cabbage.【Result】The comparative tests indicated that the side effect caused by low temperature water impacting Chinese cabbage could be avoided through drip fertilization which can reduce disease and improve output. Compared with the traditional planting method, fertilizer saving 50% and water saving 40%, Chinese cabbage has the quality of uniform plant height, full and tight heart, high net weight rate and no disease, the yield of Chinese cabbage reaches 5000kg per 667m2, which is 25% higher than compared group, net income increased 90%. Under the regulating cultivation condition in this paper, the sugar content of Chinese cabbage increased 20.6% maximum, through comparative tests by lactic acid in fermentation, the output rate of pickled cabbage increased by 2.5% using Chinese cabbage which planted by drip fertilization, the acidity pH decreased significantly during lactic acid in fermentation, the fermenting-ripening is achieved 24h in advance than compared group, the fermentation cycle was compressed about 3%, which helpful to improve fermentation efficiency, energy saving and consumption reducing.【Conclusion】The normalization planting of high quality Chinese cabbage can be realized by comprehensive?application?of the regulating cultivation methods such as soil testing for fertilizer, drip fertilization using water soluble compound fertilizer, soil nutrient monitoring online, and controlling potassium fertilizer during the stage?of?heading?in?Chinese?cabbage. |
| Key words: Northeast Pickled Cabbage; lactic acid in fermentation; Chinese Cabbage; Drip Fertilization; Regulating Cultivation |
