| 引用本文: | 张岩,王楠,赵同国,等.冰封对乌梁素海水质污染特征的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| zhangyan,wang nan,zhao tongguo,et al.冰封对乌梁素海水质污染特征的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】明确乌梁素海冰封期的水质污染特征，揭示冰封对湖泊水质等级的影响。【方法】于2021年1月在乌梁素海布设10个采样点，采集冰层及冰下水样品。参照《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838-2002）和乌梁素海的污染特征，选取CODMn、NH3-N、TP、TN、氟化物和铜6项水质指标作为目标污染物，采用单因子水质标识指数法、综合水质标识指数法和主成分分析法对乌梁素海冰封期与非冰封期的水质进行综合评价。【结果】各项目标污染物的单因子水质标识指数为：冰封期冰下水≥非冰封期≥冰封期冰融水；6项目标污染物的污染程度依次为：TN>TP>CODMn>NH3-N>铜>氟化物，其中CODMn、NH3-N和TN的浓度都发生了水质等级的变化；各采样点在冰封期的综合水质标识指数结果全部劣于非冰封期，其中采样点I12由Ⅱ类恶化为Ⅲ类，其余采样点水质等级虽未发生变化，但其浓度距离相应的水质等级下限值更加接近；乌梁素海的整体水质受NH3-N、TN和TP水质因子的影响较大，较高的N、P值将为乌梁素海水体富营养化带来潜在风险；各采样点的水质优劣顺序在空间上呈出水区>湖中区>进水区的变化。【结论】冬季结冰过程中，冰对目标污染物具有排斥效应，污染物由冰体向冰下水迁移致使冰下水中污染物浓度增大，加剧了乌梁素海的水质恶化，这为冰封期湖泊水环境管理带来严峻考验。 |
| 关键词: 乌梁素海；结冰效应；冰封期；主成分分析法；水质标识指数 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:X524 |
| 基金项目:山东省优秀中青年科学家科研奖励基金(BS2014HZ021)；国家自然科学(51609207)；内蒙古自治区自然科学(2019MS05006) |
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| Influence of the Ice-covered Period on the Water Pollution Characteristics of the Ulansuhai Lake |
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zhangyan1, wang nan2, zhao tongguo2, li weiping3, tian yepeng4, yuan lingfei5
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1.烟台大学土木工程学院;2.School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University;3.College of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology;4.Yantai University Trier Institute of Technology for Sustainable Development;5.Yantai Taoziwan Wastewater Treatment Co.
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】In order to clarify the characteristics of water quality pollution during the ice-covered period of the Ulansuhai Lake and reveal the influence of ice-cover on the water quality class of the lake.【Method】In January 2021, 10 sampling sites were deployed in Ulansuhai Lake to collect ice and under-ice water samples. With reference to the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002) and the pollution characteristics of the Ulansuhai Lake, the CODMn, NH3-N, TP, TN, fluoride and copper of each sample were measured. Water quality during the ice-covered and non-ice covered period of the Ulansuhai Lake were assessed by the single factor water quality identification index, comprehensive water quality identification index and principal component analysis method. 【Result】Single factor water quality identification index of each target pollutant is under-ice water during the ice-covered period ≥ water during non-ice covered period ≥ ice melt water during the ice-covered period. The pollution degree of the six target pollutants was in the order of TN>TP>CODMn>NH3-N> copper > fluoride. The pollutants that changed in water quality class were CODMn, NH3-N and TN. The comprehensive water quality identification index results for all sampling sites during the ice-covered period were worse than during the non-ice covered period. Sampling site I12 deteriorated from Class II to Class III. The water quality class of other sampling points did not change, but their concentrations were closer to the lower limit of the corresponding water quality class. NH3-N, TN and TP have great influence on the water quality of Ulansuhai Lake. Higher N and P values will bring potential risks for eutrophication of Ulansuhai Lake. The order of water quality in the lake area is spatially changing from outlet area >middle lake area > inlet area. 【Conclusion】During the ice-covered period, target pollutants were ejected to water during the period of ice growth, which increases the concentration of pollutants in the under-ice water. It aggravates the deterioration of the water quality of Ulansuhai Lake. The freezing effect has brought a severe challenge to the management of lake water environment during the ice-covered period. |
| Key words: Ulansuhai Lake; icing effect; water quality evaluation; principal component analysis method; water quality identification index |
