淮北平原冬小麦干旱特征分析

方逸敏; 朱永华; 吕海深; 王振龙; 潘莹; 许海婷

引用本文:	方逸敏,朱永华,吕海深,等.淮北平原冬小麦干旱特征分析[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-.
	fangyimin,zhuyonghua,lvhaishen,et al.淮北平原冬小麦干旱特征分析[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-.

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淮北平原冬小麦干旱特征分析
方逸敏,朱永华,吕海深,等
1.河海大学水文水资源学院;2.河海大学水文水资源学院、河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室;3.安徽省（水利部淮委）水利科学研究院、水利水资源安徽省重点实验室

摘要:

【目的】探讨淮北平原冬小麦各生育阶段的干旱特征和干旱趋势,以期能进一步认识淮北平原农业干旱规律,给田间灌溉管理和提高作物产量提供科学依据。【方法】利用1986—2018年淮北平原砂姜黑土区的土壤含水率数据,分析冬小麦各生育阶段在水分上对产量起决定作用的关键土层,利用关键土层含水量计算干旱严重指数(Drought severity index,DSI)并评定干旱等级,采用Mann-Kendall检验法(M-K检验法)、滑动T检验法分析干旱变化趋势,并对比气温突变年(1994年)前后的干旱特征及变化趋势。【结果】①1986—2018年淮北平原冬小麦播种—出苗期以轻旱和中旱为主,仅发生一次重旱；出苗—灌浆期只发生轻旱和中旱；灌浆—成熟期发生3次重旱和5次特旱。②播种—出苗期干旱呈现显著下降趋势,出苗—返青期干旱在2007—2012年呈现显著下降趋势,其他生育阶段干旱无显著变化趋势,且冬小麦全生育期内无干旱突变年。③气温突变年(1994年)后,冬小麦各生育阶段、各等级干旱的干旱频率均大于突变前,且极端干旱有加剧趋势。【结论】淮北平原在气温突变年后干旱愈加频繁,且极端干旱加剧,未来应注意加强冬小麦灌浆—成熟期的灌溉,及时补充土壤水分以防出现极端干旱。

关键词: 淮北平原;冬小麦;干旱特性;砂姜黑土;

DOI：

分类号:S274.3

基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(41830752)；国家自然科学基金面上项目(42071033)

Analysis on Drought Characteristics of Winter Wheat in The Huaibei Plain

fangyimin¹, zhuyonghua¹, lvhaishen^2,3, wangzhenlong^4,5, panying¹, XU Haiting⁶

1.College of Hydrology and Water Resources of Hohai University;2.College of Hydrology and Water Resources of Hohai &3.State Key Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering of Hohai University University;4.Key Laboratory on Water Conservancy and Water Resources of Anhui Province，Anhui &5.Huaihe River Institute of Hydraulic Research;6.College of hydrology and water resources , Hohai University

Abstract:

【Objective】To explore the drought characteristics and drought trend of winter wheat at each growth stage in Huaibei Plain, in order to further understand the agricultural drought law in Huaibei Plain, and provide scientific basis for field irrigation management and crop yield improvement.【Methods】Based on the data of soil moisture content in the sandy ginger black soil area of Huaibei Plain from 1986 to 2018, the key soil layers that play a decisive role in the yield of winter wheat at each growth stage were analyzed, and the Drought Severity index (DSI) of the key soil layers was calculated and the Drought grade was evaluated. The Mann-Kendall test (M-K test) and sliding t-test were used to analyze the variation trend of drought, and the characteristics and variation trend of drought before and after the abrupt temperature change year (1994) were compared.【Results】①From 1986 to 2018, light drought and moderate drought were the main factors in the sowing and seedling stage of winter wheat in Huaibei Plain, and only one severe drought occurred. Only light drought and medium drought occurred in the emergence and filling stage. Three severe droughts and five extreme droughts occurred in the grain-maturity period. ②There was a significant decreasing trend of drought in the seeding-seedling stage, and a significant decreasing trend in the seeding-seedling stage from 2007 to 2012. There was no significant change in drought in other growth stages, and there was no drought mutation year in the whole growth period of winter wheat. ③After the temperature change year (1994), the frequency of drought in all growth stages and grades of winter wheat was higher than that before the change, and the extreme drought tended to be aggravated.【Conclusion】Drought became more frequent and extreme drought became more severe after the abrupt change of temperature in Huaibei Plain. In the future, attention should be paid to strengthening irrigation during the filling and maturity period of winter wheat, and timely supplementing soil water to prevent extreme drought.

Key words: Huaibei plain; Winter wheat; drought characteristics; Shajiang black soil;