| 引用本文: | 李欢欢,宋嘉雯,孙景生,等.不同水氮供应对温室番茄每穗层果实养分和产量构成的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| LI Huanhuan,Song Jiawen,SUN Jingsheng,et al.不同水氮供应对温室番茄每穗层果实养分和产量构成的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 不同水氮供应对温室番茄每穗层果实养分和产量构成的影响 |
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李欢欢, 宋嘉雯, 孙景生, 王景雷, 强小嫚, 刘浩
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中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所
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| 摘要: |
| 【目的】水和氮是影响作物生长和产量形成的重要因素,明晰水氮对番茄每穗层果实水分、养分吸收累积及产量构成要素的影响,对优化温室番茄水氮管理具有重要的指导意义。【方法】试验设计4种施氮水平(0、150、300和450 kg N.ha-1,分别记为N0、N1、N2和N3),每种施氮水平下设计3种基于20 cm标准蒸发皿累积蒸发量(Epan)的灌溉水平(50%Epan、70%Epan和90%Epan,分别记为I1、I2和I3),研究不同水氮供应对每穗层果实含水量(FW)、果实全氮(FTN)、果实全钾(FTK)含量和产量构成要素的影响。【结果】果实养分和产量构成要素在穗层间产生了显著差异,其中FW和FTN含量均随穗层的增加呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,FTK含量和坐果数均随穗层的增加呈先升高后降低的变化规律,其中第1穗层最高的FTN含量和最小的FTK含量,引发不协调的氮钾比例,导致该穗层的坐果数和平均单果重均较小；第2穗层较高的FTN和FTK含量的协同作用促使该穗层的坐果数和平均单果重均最大。就相同灌溉水平下的平均值而言,灌溉对每穗层FTN和FTK含量均无显著影响,每穗层FW、坐果数、平均单果重和产量均随灌水量的增大而显著提高,但超过I2时每穗层的坐果数增幅较小,I3下每穗层坐果数的平均值较I2的仅提高了0.6 %。就相同施氮水平下的平均值而言,增施氮肥显著降低了每穗层FW含量,促进了每穗层果实对氮钾的吸收并提高了坐果数和产量,但过量施氮(超过N1)每穗层的坐果数和产量增幅不大甚至下降,与N0比较,N1、N2和N3下每穗层坐果数的平均值分别提高了13.94 %、10.38 %和10.68 %,产量的平均值分别提高了13.63 %、10.66 %和8.42 %。番茄穗层间的坐果数和平均单果重产生显著差异主要源于不同穗层果实对养分和水分的吸收量不同,每穗层的坐果数对产量的影响明显大于平均单果重的,灌溉主要通过调控单果重影响产量,施氮主要通过调控坐果数影响产量。【结论】本研究为实现温室番茄每穗层果实产量协同提升的最优水氮管理奠定了基础。 |
| 关键词: 水氮;温室番茄;果实养分;产量构成 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S274.5 |
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| Effects of Different Water and Nitrogen Supply on Fruit Nutrients and Yield Components of Greenhouse Tomato per Truss |
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LI Huanhuan, Song Jiawen, SUN Jingsheng, WANG Jinglei, Qiang Xiaoman, LIU Hao
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Farmland Irrigation Research Institute,CAAS
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| Abstract: |
| 【Objective】Water and nitrogen are important factors affecting crop growth and yield formation. Clarifying the effects of water and nitrogen on the fruit water content, nutrient absorption and accumulation and yield components in different fruit trusses has important guidance for optimizing water and nitrogen management in greenhouse tomato.【Method】 Four nitrogen rates (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg N.ha-1, termed as N0, N1, N2 and N3 respectively) and three irrigation amounts (50%, 70% and 90% of Epan, termed as I1, I2 and I3 respectively) based on the cumulative evaporation (Epan) measured with a standard 20-cm pan, were designed to study the effects of different water and nitrogen supply on fruit water (FW) content, fruit total nitrogen (FTN) content, fruit total potassium (FTK) content and yield components in every truss. 【Result】There were significant differences in fruit nutrients and yield components between trusses, the content of FW and FTN decreased first and then increased with increasing fruit truss. However, FTK and fruit-setting number increased first and later decreased with increasing fruit truss. The highest FTN content and the lowest FTK content in the 1st truss caused an uncoordinated ratio of nitrogen to potassium, resulting in the small fruit-setting number and average fruit weight. The synergistic effect of high FTN content and FTK content in the 2nd truss resulted in the largest fruit-setting number and average fruit weight. Averaging across nitrogen rates, irrigation had no significant effect on the FTN and FTK contents in every truss, but FW content, fruit-setting number, average fruit weight and yield in every truss increased with the increasing irrigation amount. However, the increase of fruit-setting number in every truss was small when irrigation amount was over I2. The fruit-setting number in I3 was increased by only 0.6 % when compared with I2. Averaging across irrigation amounts, increasing nitrogen rates significantly reduced FW content in every truss, promoted the absorption of nitrogen and potassium by fruit, and increased fruit-setting number and yield, but the increase of fruit-setting number and yield was small or even decreased when nitrogen rate was over N1. Compared with N0, the average fruit-setting number of every truss in N1, N2 and N3 increased by 13.94 %, 10.38 % and 10.68 % respectively, and the yield increased by 13.63 %, 10.66 % and 8.42 % respectively. The significant difference of fruit-setting number and average fruit weight among truss was mainly due to the different nutrient and water absorption of fruit in different fruit trusses. Tomato yield was mainly determined by the fruit-setting number and average fruit weight in every truss. The effect of fruit-setting number on yield was significantly greater than the average fruit weight. Irrigation mainly affected yield by regulating single fruit weight, and nitrogen application mainly affected yield by regulating fruit-setting number. 【Conclusion】The study laid a foundation for the realization of the optimal water and nitrogen management for the synergistic improvement of fruit yield per truss in greenhouse tomato. |
| Key words: water and nitrogen; greenhouse tomato; fruit nutrients; yield components |
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