| 引用本文: | 张通港,胡行路,罗敏,等.微咸水离子组成对膜下滴灌土壤水盐分布和作物生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| ZHANG Tonggnag,HU Xinglu,LUO Min,et al.微咸水离子组成对膜下滴灌土壤水盐分布和作物生长的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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| 微咸水离子组成对膜下滴灌土壤水盐分布和作物生长的影响 |
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张通港1, 胡行路2, 罗敏1, 王春1, 闫思慧1, 程煜1, 梁青1, 冯浩1,2, 张体彬1,2
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1.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院 陕西 杨凌;2.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所 陕西杨凌
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| 摘要: |
| 微咸水灌溉是缓解旱区农业用水危机的主要途径之一，而微咸水中的离子组成特征影响着土壤性质进而影响作物生长。【目的】探讨不同阳离子组成微咸水对土壤理化性质和作物生长的影响。【方法】本研究于2021年4~9月份，在内蒙古河套灌区，以膜下滴灌的模式种植春玉米，开展微咸水灌溉田间定位试验。以当地地下水为对照处理（CK），向地下水中分别添加相同浓度（20 mmolc/L）、不同类型氯化盐（NaCl、KCl、CaCl2、MgCl2），形成相近的电导率（EC）、而不同阳离子组成微咸水处理（分别标记为T1、T2、T3和T4），研究土壤结构特性变化、水盐运移过程和作物生长响应。【结果】（1）与CK相比，添加Na+（T1处理）后0~20 cm土层小孔隙数量和储水量显著增加，尤其在灌水较多的拔节期；而T3和T4处理小孔隙度相较于T1处理分别降低147.73%和132.01%，有利于土壤孔隙结构的发育和水分的运移，降低了表层土壤储水量。（2）与CK相比，T1、T2、T3处理和T4处理分别提升了作物根区0~60 cm土壤中Na+、K+、Ca2+和Mg2+物质的量浓度，除T1处理外，T2、T3处理和T4处理对应的K+、Ca2+和Mg2+物质的量浓度均显著高于CK。T1处理在作物根区表层土壤有明显积盐现象，其他处理无明显变化，相反T3处理和T4处理土壤盐分整体向膜外运移，T4处理更为明显。受灌溉水EC影响，根区土壤饱和浸提液电导率（ECe）均在3~4 dS/m内。（3）作物地上部器官离子量中K+量最高，Na+量最低且显著低于K+、Ca2+、Mg2+量和Cl-量。Na+、K+和Cl-量均表现为叶<茎，Ca2+和Mg2+离子量表现为叶>茎。T1~T4处理作物产量均有所增加，其中T4处理产量最大，较CK提升17.33%。【结论】含有较多Na+的微咸水灌溉提高了土壤表层小孔隙度，影响了土壤水分下渗，造成表层土壤盐分积累，而较多的K+、Ca2+和Mg2+则减少了土壤表层小孔隙度，有利于表层盐分淋洗。微咸水灌溉下，相对于较多的Na+带来显著负面效应，灌溉水中适当浓度的K+、Ca2+、Mg2+均有助于提高作物产量。研究结果可为河套灌区地下微咸水的安全利用提供理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 孔隙度，水盐分布，阳离子，作物生长 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S513，S156.44 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900700)；陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2022PT-23) |
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| Effects of Saline Water with Different Cation Compositions on Water and Salt Distribution and Crop Growth under Mulched Drip Irrigation |
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ZHANG Tonggnag1, HU Xinglu2, LUO Min1, WANG Chun1, YAN Sihui1, CHENG Yu1, LIANG Qing1, FENG Hao1,2, ZHANG Tibin1,2
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1.College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A F University,Yangling;2.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A F University,Yangling
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| Abstract: |
| Irrigation with saline water is one of the main ways to alleviate the agricultural water crisis in arid areas, and the ionic composition of saline water affects soil properties and crop growth.【Objective】This study aimeds to explore the effects of saline water with different cation compositions on soil pore structure, water-salt transport law and crop growth under mulched drip irrigation.【Method】In this study, corn was planted in the form of drip irrigation under film in Hetao Irrigation District(HID) of Inner Mongolia from April to September in 2021, and field positioning test of brackish water irrigation was carried out. Underground water was taken as a control (CK). The same concentration and different types of chloride salts were added into the groundwater（20 mmolc/L）respectively to form different treatments (NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2, labeled as T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively). These formed similar conductivity(EC) and different cation composition saline water treatment to study the characteristic changes of soil structure, soil water and salt transport and crop growth response.【Result】The results showed that: (1) Compared with CK, T1 treatment of Na+ significantly increased the number of small pores in the 0~20 cm soil layer, which had adverse effects on soil structure. Therefore, the 0~20 cm water storage of T1 treatment was significantly higher than that of CK, especially in jointing stage with more irrigation. Compared with T1, the small porosity of T3 and T4 decreased by 147.73% and 132.01% respectively. They were beneficial to the development of soil pore structure and water movement, and the surface soil water storage decreased. (2) Compared with CK, T1, T2, T3 and T4 treatments respectively increased the concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in 0~60 cm soil of crop root zone. Except for T1, the concentrations of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in T2, T3 and T4 treatments were significantly higher than those in CK. T1 treatment had obvious salt accumulation in the surface soil of crop root zone, and other treatments had no obvious change. On the contrary, the soil salinity of T3 and T4 treatments transported outside the film as a whole, and T4 treatment was more obvious. The electrical conductivity of saturated extract(ECe) in root zone soil was affected by irrigation water EC, which was within 3~4 dS/m. (3) The content of Na+ on the aboveground organs of corn was the lowest. The contents was significantly lower than that of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl-. On the contrary, the content of K+ was the highest. The contents of Na+, K+ and Cl-in leaves were higher than those in stems, and the contents of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in leaves were lower than those in stems. Perhaps due to the increase of irrigation amount, several treatments after adding salt increased crop yield. Among them, the corn seeds yield of T4 treatment was the largest, which was 17.33% higher than that of CK.【Conclusion】The irrigation with saline water containing more Na+ increased the small porosity of soil surface, affected the infiltration of soil water. However, more K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ reduced the small porosity of soil surface, which was beneficial to the leaching of surface salt. Under saline water irrigation, the appropriate concentrations of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in irrigation water were helpful to increase crop dry matter accumulation and final yield formation compared with the significant negative effect caused by more Na+. The research results can provide theoretical basis for safe utilization of underground saline water in HID. |
| Key words: Porosity; Water and Salt distribution; Cation; Corn growth |
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