引用本文: | 刘然,周伟伟,金圣爱,等.新型灌溉模式下测墒补灌对农田水氮及小麦产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
| LIU Ran,ZHOU Weiwei,JIN Shengai,et al.新型灌溉模式下测墒补灌对农田水氮及小麦产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,0,():-. |
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新型灌溉模式下测墒补灌对农田水氮及小麦产量的影响 |
刘然, 周伟伟, 金圣爱, 商美新, 王萌, 李俊良
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青岛农业大学资源与环境学院
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摘要: |
【目的】为解决灌水不合理造成的水资源浪费问题,针对小麦进行了节水灌溉研究。【方法】于2020年选用鲁麦21这一小麦品种进行大田试验,采用二因素裂区设计,灌水量为主区,设拔节期和扬花期均测墒补灌至田间持水量的65%(W65)、75%(W75)、85%(W85) 3个水平;灌溉模式为副区,设滴灌(D)、微喷灌(WP)和拔节期微喷灌扬花期滴灌(WP+D) 3种方式,研究各处理对土层水氮分布、小麦产量、水分利用效率及经济效益的影响。【结果】低于田间持水量的灌溉只对0-40 cm土层产生影响,在灌溉后的小麦全生育期内40-100 cm土层含水量没有波动,即0-40 cm为主要的供水层及持水层,土壤含水量W85>W75>W65;0-60 cm土层硝态氮含量在W65、W75灌水量及微喷灌模式下较高,且随着灌水量增多硝态氮淋溶风险增大,到成熟期时,灌水量、灌溉模式及两者交互作用对40-100 cm土层硝态氮含量产生了极显著影响;随着灌水量增多,产量及水分利用效率均表现出先增加后降低趋势,在拔节期微喷灌结合扬花期滴灌的模式下可以达到更好的节水保产效果,产量达到了6147.5 kg/hm2,水分利用效率为16.2 kg/(hm2.mm),且达到了较高的经济效益8429.0元/hm2。【结论】综合来看拔节期和扬花期均测墒补灌至田间持水量的75%并配合微喷灌+滴灌的模式,可以实现小麦生产节水环保增效的目标。 |
关键词: 测墒补灌;灌溉模式;小麦产量;水分利用效率;经济效益 |
DOI: |
分类号:S512.1+1 |
基金项目:青岛市现代农业产业技术体系-小麦创新团队土壤肥料岗位 |
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Effects of Soil Moisture Measurement and Supplemental Irrigation on Farmland Water, Nitrogen and Wheat Yield Under New Irrigation Mode |
LIU Ran, ZHOU Weiwei, JIN Shengai, SHANG Meixin, WANG Meng, LI Junliang
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College of Resources and Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University
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Abstract: |
【Background】In order to solve the problem of water resources waste caused by unreasonable irrigation, water-saving irrigation for wheat was studied.【Method】Lumai 21 was selected for field experiment in 2020. The split plot design with two factors was adopted- the irrigation amount was the main area and the soil moisture was measured at jointing stage and flowering stage to supplement irrigation to three levels of 65% (W65), 75% (W75) and 85% (W85) of field water capacity. The irrigation mode was the sub area with three modes: drip irrigation (D), micro sprinkler irrigation (WP) and micro sprinkler irrigation at jointing stage and drip irrigation at flowering stage (WP+D). The effects of various treatments on soil water and nitrogen distribution, wheat yield, water use efficiency and economic benefits were studied.【Result】The results show that the irrigation below the field capacity only affectes the 0-40cm soil layer, and the water content of 40-100 cm soil layer do not fluctuate during the whole growth period of wheat after irrigation, that is, 0-40 cm is the main water supply layer and water holding layer, and the soil water content is W85>W75>W65. Nitrate nitrogen content in 0-60cm soil layer is higher under W65, W75 irrigation volume and micro sprinkler irrigation mode, and the risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching increases with the increasing of irrigation volume. At the mature stage, the irrigation amount, irrigation mode and their interaction have a significant impact on the 40-100 cm soil layer. With the increase of irrigation amount, both the yield and water use efficiency show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Under the mode of micro sprinkler irrigation at jointing stage combined with drip irrigation at flowering stage, better water-saving and yield assurance can be achieved, with the yield of 6147.5 kg/hm2, water use efficiency of 16.2 kg/(hm2.mm), and higher economic benefit of 8429.0元/hm2.【Conclusion】In general, the goal of water saving and environmental protection for wheat production can be achieved by measuring soil moisture and supplementing irrigation to 75% of the field capacity at jointing and flowering stages and combining micro sprinkler irrigation with drip irrigation. |
Key words: soil moisture measurement and supplementary irrigation; irrigation mode; wheat yield; water use efficiency; economic benefits |
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